Congress Poland
Congress Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie, Russian: Царство Польское) was a historical Polish state created in 1815 by decision of Congress of Vienna as personal union with Russia.[2][3]
Kingdom of Poland Królestwo Polskie Царство Польское | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1815–1915[1] | |||||||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||||||
| Motto: "God is with us!" | |||||||||||||
| Anthem: | |||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||
| Status | Constitutional monarchy under personal union with Russian Empire | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Warsaw | ||||||||||||
| Official languages | Polish, Russian | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Polish, Pole | ||||||||||||
| Government | Constitutional Monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Establishment | |||||||||||||
| 9 June 1815 | |||||||||||||
• Constitution | 27 November 1815 | ||||||||||||
| 29 November 1830 | |||||||||||||
• Incorporation to Russian Empire | 26 February 1832 | ||||||||||||
| 23 January 1863 | |||||||||||||
• Establishment of Vistula Land | 1867 | ||||||||||||
• Lost to Germany during WWI | 1915 | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
• Total | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1850: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
• 1816 estimate | 3,300,000[2] | ||||||||||||
• 1870 | 6,100,000[2] | ||||||||||||
• 1900 | 10,000,000[2] | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Złoty | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Today part of | Poland, Latvia, Russia | ||||||||||||
The first king was Alexander I, who created the university of Warsaw in 1816. In the years 1830–1831, there was November Uprising, whose result was abolition of the kingdom in 1832[4] and incorporation to Russian Empire.[2]
The constitution of the kingdom was adopted on 27 November 1830, but it was replaced by Tsar Nicholas I with Organic Status.[3]
Under reign of the Alexander II a major liberal reforms took place, political amnesty, conciliatory measures in cultural and religious matters, and the creation of the Agricultural Society to tackle the peasant question.[5] In 1867, after January Uprising (1863-1864) the kingdom was transformed into province of Russian Empire called Vistula Land.[3]
Congress Poland Media
Caution! This is a contemporary reconstruction of Coat of arms of Duchy of Warsaw
Eagle of an officer in the Army of Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1830
Administrative divisions of Congress Poland in 1830
An advertisement of cameras made by a Polish company FOS (1905). Cameras, objectives and stereoscopes were exclusively made in Congress Poland.
An early photograph of Manufaktura in Łódź. The city was considered to be one of the largest textile industry centres in Europe and was nicknamed Polish Manchester.
References
- ↑ Despite the incorporation of the kingdom in 1832 and transforming it into Vistula Land in 1867, the Russian rulers used the title of King of Poland until 1915. Which means that the kingdom existed de jure to 1915.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Królestwo Polskie Encyklopedia PWN [2023-03-14]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Congress Kingdom of Poland at Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Małe tablice. Historia. Warsaw: Adamantan. 2017. p. 52. ISBN 978-83-7350-424-0.
- ↑ History of Poland at Encyclopædia Britannica
