Counting coup
Counting coup refers to the winning of prestige in battle by the Plains Indians of North America. Warriors won prestige by acts of courage in the face of the enemy. Any blow struck against the enemy counted as a coup.[1]
An act of bravery
Counting coup could be with a hand, any part of the body, or with an object. The most prestigious act was to touch or strike an enemy warrior, leave him alive, then escaping unharmed. Touching the first enemy to die in battle or touching the enemy's defensive works also counted as coup. Counting coup could also involve stealing an enemy's weapons or horses tied up to his lodge in camp. Risk of injury or death was required to count coup. After a battle or exploit, the people of a tribe would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup." Coups were recorded in some tribes by putting notches (cut marks) in a coup stick. A coup stick was often a willow rod with a feather on the end. But coup could be counted with any object.[2]
Other uses
Another form of counting coup emerged during the air battles of World War I.[3] A allied pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft was given the status of ace.[3] The exception was that the British never formally adopted the ace system. Informally, however, a British pilot who had shot down ten enemy planes was considered an ace.[3] Generally "counting coup" is counting victories.[3]
Counting Coup Media
Ledger drawing of a mounted Cheyenne warrior counting coup with lance on a dismounted Crow warrior, 1880s.
References
- ↑ George Bird Grinnell, 'Coup and Scalp among the Plains Indians', American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1910), p. 297
- ↑ Dennis Gaffney (24 April 2006). "Counting Coups (Counting What?)". PBS/WGBH Educational Foundation. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Linda Raine Robertson, The Dream of Civilized Warfare: World War I Flying Aces and the American Imagination (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003), pp. 276–77