Deshret
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| Deshret n in hieroglyphs |
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Deshret was the name for the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. When joined with the Hedjet, the White Crown of Upper Egypt, it forms the Pschent. This double crown was called the sekhemti in ancient Egyptian. Deshret was also the name for the desert Red Land on either side of the Nile river.
The Red Crown in Egyptian language hieroglyphs became the vertical letter "n" . The old "n" hieroglyph from the Predynastic Period, and the Old Kingdom was a sign showing ripples in water.
Significance
In mythology, the earth god Geb, the first ruler of Egypt, gave Horus the power to rule over Lower Egypt.[1] The Egyptian pharaohs, who saw themselves as successors of Horus, wore the deshret to show their authority over Lower Egypt.[2]
Other gods wore the deshret too, such as the protective serpent goddess Wadjet and the creator-goddess of Sais, Neith, who often is shown wearing the Red Crown.[3]
The Red Crown would later be joined with the White Crown of Upper Egypt to form the Double Crown. This was a symbol to show their rule over the whole country, which they called "The Two Lands".[4]
The Red Land, the deserts and foreign lands around Egypt, was ruled by Seth.[5] The Egyptians saw it as a dangerous confusing place, without laws or any order.
Records of the Red Crown
None of the red crowns have survived. It is not known how the crown was made or what materials were used. It could have been made from copper, reeds, cloth, or even leather.
The Red Crown is often shown in texts, wall carvings and statues. An early example shows a victorious pharaoh wearing the deshret on the Narmer Palette. A text from the reign of Djer records a royal visit to the shrine of the Deshret which may have been at Buto in the Nile delta.[6]
No crown has ever been found buried with any of the pharaohs, even in tombs that have not been robbed. This suggests that the deshret was passed from one king to the next, much as in present-day monarchies.
A pharaoh wearing the Red Crown
The Narmer Palette
The vertical letter N
Deshret (vertical letter N) in hieroglyphic writing
Apep being slain
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Deshret Media
Rosetta Stone usage of Red Crown, not as preposition: part of Pschent (Double Crown), and part of "Taui", the name for Upper and Lower Egypt (used combined with a Crossroads (hieroglyph))
References
- ↑ Ewa Wasilewska, Creation Stories of the Middle East, Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2000, p.128
- ↑ Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge 1999, p.194
- ↑ George Hart, The Routledge Dictionary Of Egyptian Gods And Goddesses, p.100
- ↑ Ana Ruiz, The Spirit of Ancient Egypt, Algora Publishing 2001, p.8
- ↑ John D. Baines, Byron Esely Shafer, Leonard H. Lesko, David P. Silverman, Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice, Cornell University Press 1991, p.93
- ↑ Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge 1999, p.284