Roller coaster
A roller coaster (some people say the simple form coaster) is an amusement park ride. A roller coaster is usually a small train. It has a number of carriages that travel on a track. This track has hills that go up and valleys that go down. Sometimes it has other features that will turn the train upside-down. The track can be made from wood or steel. Some roller coasters are made for children, so they do not travel very fast. Other roller coasters are made very tall and they travel very fast. Riders are generally held in place with a bar, a belt, or something similar.
Scientifically, a roller coaster works because of gravity, a force that pulls things down to the ground. Most roller coaster trains are pulled to the top of a hill on a chain. The train will slide down the track, which has a number of hills and valleys. As it slides downhill it goes faster, and it slows down when climbing.
History
In the United States, LaMarcus Adna Thompson patented the first roller coaster on January 20, 1865. He named his ride the "Switchback Railway," and workers pulled the carriage to the top of the track. The first modern steel roller coaster was the Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland. It opened in 1959.
LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway," patented on January 20, 1865, marked a groundbreaking innovation in the realm of amusement park attractions. At a time when traditional fairground rides were limited in scope and excitement, Thompson's creation offered a thrilling experience unlike anything seen before.
The design of the "Switchback Railway" was ingeniously simple yet effective. Consisting of a wooden track supported by sturdy wooden structures, the ride featured a series of ascending and descending sections that formed a continuous loop. Unlike modern roller coasters with their elaborate twists, turns, and inversions, the "Switchback Railway" relied on the natural terrain to provide excitement and momentum for riders.
Types of roller coasters
Roller coaster rails are made of wood or steel.
Steel roller coasters can be separated into many more types. On a Wing Coaster riders sit on either side of a roller coaster track and nothing is above or below the riders.
On a flying roller coaster riders lie face down so they feel like they are flying. Cars hang below the track. On a Floorless Coaster riders sit with no floor underneath them, so their feet can swing freely just above the track.
Some roller coasters spin riders.
Both steel and wooden roller coasters can turn riders upside down. This is called an inversion.
Son of Beast was the only wooden roller coaster to have an inversion. However the loop was removed after an incident and after another incident, the ride was torn down. In 2013, Hades 360 and Outlaw Run have inversions. The Smiler has the world record for the most inversions.
Famous roller coasters
| Name | Park | Record |
|---|---|---|
| Kingda Ka | Six Flags Great Adventure | The tallest roller coaster in the world. |
| Formula Rossa | Ferrari World Abu Dhabi | The fastest roller coaster in the world. |
| Steel Dragon 2000 | Nagashima Spa Land | The longest roller coaster in the world. |
| TMNT Shellraiser | Nickelodeon Universe | The steepest roller coaster in the world. |
| The Smiler | Alton Towers | The most upside-down sections of any roller coaster in the world. |
Roller Coaster Media
The Scenic Railway at Luna Park, Melbourne, is the world's oldest operating roller coaster, built in 1912.
La Grande Glisade, Tsarskoye Selo
Les Montagnes de Belleville
The Promenades-Aériennes in Paris, 1817
Thompson's Switchback Railway, 1884
Steel Force (left) and Thunderhawk (right), two roller coasters at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Steel Force is the eighth longest steel roller coaster in the world.
Thunder Dolphin, a steel roller coaster in Tokyo, at dusk
Family coaster: Kingdom Coaster at Dutch Wonderland in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is a 55 feet tall (17 m) coaster that reaches a top speed of 40 mph (64 km/h)
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