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Hijab

An Iraqi girl wearing a headscarf.

Overview

Origin

The word hijab is used in the Qur'an to denote a partition, or a curtain,[1][2] but in modern usage often refers to a woman's headscarf. This is often done amongst Muslims for females over the age of puberty.[3][4]

The word ḥijāb, or a derivative, appears eight times in the Qur'an and never connotes any act of piety or headscarf.[5] It appears as an "obstacle" (7:46), a "curtain" (33:53), "hidden" (38:32), a "wall of separation" (41:5, 42:52, 17:45), "hiding" (19:14) and "prevented" or "denied access to God" (83:15).[6]

Perspectives

For most Muslims, the headscarf, a symbol of hijab, is worn in the presence of adult males outside their immediate family; it is not necessary when females or males are within their immediate family. However, some Muslim scholars and activists maintain that the practice of covering the hair with a hijab is not mandated in Islam.[7]

Types

The hijab as a headscarf can come in several different types, such as an ordinary veil, which only covers the head, a niqab, a burka also known as an abayah, which covers the entire body, and any form of covering used to veil.[8] There are many styles to wear. The Quran however has no requirement that women cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa or chador.[9]

Hijab mandate

The hijab as a headscarf is currently required by law to be worn by women in Iran and Afghanistan.[10] It is no longer required by law in Saudi Arabia since 2018.[11][12] In Gaza, Palestinian jihadists belonging to the Unified Leadership (UNLU) have rejected a hijab policy for women.[13] They have also targeted those who seek to impose the hijab.[13]

Hijab ban

Other countries, both in Europe and in the Muslim world, particularly France,[14][15] have passed laws banning some or all types of hijab in public or in certain types of locales.[16] Austria, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain and Norway have varying levels of hijab ban.[16]

Hijab Media

  • French Muslim women wearing hijab in 2017

  • Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani education activist and 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, choosing a loose head scarf.

  • A Tunisian woman wearing a hijab

  • Afghan army and police officials wearing hijabs in Kandahar. (Period before Taliban rule)

  • Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 2nd–3rd century BC

  • Pre-Islamic relief showing veiled women, Temple of Baal, Palmyra, Syria, 1st century CE

  • Roman statue of a Vestal Virgin

  • A model displaying a fashionable hijab at "Moslema In Style Fashion Show" in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

  • Wearing or not wearing a hijab can also be an act of protest. In August 2014 a mother of one of the Camp Speicher massacre victims threw her headscarf at the Iraqi parliament speaker, Salim al-Jabouri.

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ Mark Juergensmeyer, Wade Clark Roof, ed. (2012). "Hijab". Encyclopedia of Global Religion. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications. p. 516. doi:10.4135/9781412997898. ISBN 9780761927297.
  2. ↑ El Guindi, Fadwa; Sherifa Zahur (2009). Hijab. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135.
  3. ↑ Murphy R.F. 1964. Social distance and the veil. American Anthropologist. New Series, 66, No. 6, Part 1, pp. 1257–1274.
  4. ↑ Brenner S. 1996. Reconstructing self and society: Javanese Muslim women and "the veil". American Ethnologist, 23, (4) , pp. 673–697.
  5. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/12/21/as-muslim-women-we-actually-ask-you-not-to-wear-the-hijab-in-the-name-of-interfaith-solidarity/
  6. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/12/21/as-muslim-women-we-actually-ask-you-not-to-wear-the-hijab-in-the-name-of-interfaith-solidarity/
  7. ↑
  8. ↑ Wear, Muslima. "Muslima Hijabs". Muslima Wear. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
  9. ↑ Tristam, Pierre. Does the Quran require women to wear the veil? About News. [1] Archived 2014-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ "'Why didn't you wear a hijab?' Taliban militants shoot 21-year-old Afghan girl". News Track. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  11. ↑ . https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-women-are-breaking-free-from-the-black-abaya-11570008601. Retrieved 6 February 2021. "Almost immediately, women became more comfortable wearing their headscarves loosely or not at all". 
  12. ↑ Mail, Daily (15 September 2019). "Rebel Saudi women appear in public without hijab, abaya; onlookers stunned | New Straits Times". NST Online. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Women, the Hijab and the Intifada". 4 May 1990.
  14. ↑
  15. ↑
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bislimi, Bekim (October 3, 2024). "Kosovo At The Center Of Europe's Ongoing Hijab Debate". Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-muslims-hijab-debate-religious-rights/33141949.html. Retrieved December 26, 2024. 
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