HTML
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language used to create web pages. It was created in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web.[1] Webpages can include writing, links, pictures, and even sound and video. HTML tells web browsers what webpages should look like. HTML also adds meta information to webpages. Meta information is information about a webpage e.g., the name of the person who created the page. Web browsers usually do not show meta information.
| Filename extension | .html, .htm |
|---|---|
| Internet media type | text/html |
| Type code | TEXT |
| Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) | public.html |
| Developed by | World Wide Web Consortium & WHATWG |
| Type of format | Markup language |
| Extended from | SGML |
| Extended to | XHTML |
| Standard | ISO/IEC 15445 W3C HTML 4.01 W3C HTML 5 (draft) |
HTML is often used with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript. CSS is used to change the way HTML looks. JavaScript tells websites how to behave. It can also change HTML and CSS.
HTML is made by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). There are many versions of HTML. As of September 2018, the current standard of HTML is called HTML 5 and is specifically at version 5.2.
Tags
HTML uses "elements" to let the browser know how a webpage is made of. Elements are shown as "tags" in the code, written with angle brackets: <syntaxhighlight lang="html" enclose="none"><example></syntaxhighlight>. Tags usually come in pairs: an opening tag defines the start of a block of content and a closing tag defines the end of that block of content. There are many kinds of tags, and each one has a different purpose. See Basic HTML Tags below for tag examples.
Some tags only work in certain browsers. For example, the <menuitem> tag, which was used to make something appear when the person presses the right button of the mouse, only worked on the Mozilla Firefox browser until version 85.[2] Other browsers simply ignore this tag and display the writing normally. Many web page creators avoid using these "non-standard" tags because they want their pages to look the same with all browsers.
Example
Here is an example page in HTML with "Hello world!".<syntaxhighlight lang="html5"> <!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head> <title>Hi!</title> </head> <body>
Hello world!
</body>
</html>
</syntaxhighlight>The Text between <syntaxhighlight lang="html" enclose="none"><html></syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="html" enclose="none"></html></syntaxhighlight> describes the web page, and the text between <syntaxhighlight lang="html" enclose="none"><body></syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="html" enclose="none"></body></syntaxhighlight> is the page content. <syntaxhighlight lang="html" enclose="none"><title>This is a title</title></syntaxhighlight> defines the browser page title.
Example HTML tags
Here are some example HTML tags: [note 1]
| Tag name | Name | Function | Code Example |
|---|---|---|---|
<!DOCTYPE>
|
Doctype | Defines the Document type | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<!DOCTYPE html> </syntaxhighlight> |
<html>
|
HTML | Defines an HTML document and starts an HTML document. | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<html>All code</html> </syntaxhighlight> |
<head>
|
Head | Contains any code that is not used to display elements on the webpage | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<head></head> </syntaxhighlight> |
<title>
|
Title | Defines the title of the webpage (shown on the tab) and is entered within the <head>
|
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<title>Webpage</title> </syntaxhighlight> |
<body>
|
Body | Contains the visible elements of the webpage. | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<body>Html tags</body> </syntaxhighlight> |
<h1> to <h6>
|
Headings | Headings of various sizes (<h1> being the largest)
|
<syntaxhighlight lang="html">
Heading</syntaxhighlight> |
<p>
|
Paragraph | Defines a paragraph of text | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
TEXT </syntaxhighlight> |
<a>
|
Anchor | Creates active links to other web pages | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<a href="www.domain.com">Visit our site</a> </syntaxhighlight> |
<img>
|
Image | Displays an image on the page | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<img src="ImageUrl" alt="Text displayed if image is not available"> </syntaxhighlight> |
<br>
|
Break | Inserts a single line break | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
Text |
<center>
|
Center | Moves content to the center of the page | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
</syntaxhighlight> |
<script>
|
Script | Creates a script in the webpage, usually written in JavaScript | <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
<script>alert("Hello World!")</script> </syntaxhighlight> |
HTML Media
Tim Berners-Lee in April 2009
HTML5 official logo (official since 1 April 2011, see FAQ)
HTML element content categories
Notes
References
- ↑ singhal, tanu (2023-05-18). "Does HTML is a programming language or a markup language? - CoderShot". codershot. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
- ↑ "MDN Web Docs". 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
- ↑ "HTML elements reference". MDN. Retrieved 6 August 2020.