Intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, is a type of intracranial bleed that happens within the brain tissue or ventricles.

Intracerebral hemorrhage
CT scan of an intracerebral hemorrhage, bleeding into the lateral ventricles
Symptoms	Headache, one-sided numbness, weakness, tingling, or paralysis, speech problems, vision or hearing problems, dizziness or lightheadedness or vertigo, nausea/vomiting, seizures, decreased level or total loss of consciousness, neck stiffness, memory loss, attention and coordination problems, balance problems, fever, shortness of breath (when bleed is in the brain stem)
Complications	Coma, persistent vegetative state, cardiac arrest (when bleeding is severe or in the brain stem), death
Causes	Brain trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, brain tumors, hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic stroke
Risk factors	High blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, amyloidosis, alcoholism, low cholesterol, blood thinners, cocaine use
Diagnostic method	CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Ischemic stroke
Treatment	Blood pressure control, surgery, ventricular drain
Prognosis	20% good outcome
Frequency	2.5 per 10,000 people a year
Deaths	44% die within one month

Symptoms can include headache, one-sided weakness, vomiting, seizures, decreased level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Often symptoms get worse over time. Fever is also common. In many cases bleeding is present in both the brain tissue and the ventricles.

Causes include brain trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and brain tumors.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage Media

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  Axial CT scan showing hemorrhage in the posterior fossa

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  Spontaneous ICH with hydrocephalus on CT scan