Kassite dynasty
The Kassite dynasty was ruled by the Kassites. They were an obscure mountain tribe who came to power in Babylon after the collapse of the First Dynasty of Babylon in 1595 BC following a Hittite sack of the city, and became rulers of northern Babylonia.
The Kassites
The Kassites (Persian: کاسیها) were an ancient people from Zagros mountains. Kassites were a federation of several nomadic tribes living in the Zagros mountains, in modern Loristan (Iran).
In the 18th century BCE, the Kassites started to infiltrate Mesopotamia, which was ruled by the successors of the famous king Hammurabi of Babylon (1792–1750). Kassites threatened Babylonia, which they captured in 1750 BC.
The Kassite dynasty dominated Mesopotamia from the 16th to the 12th century BC.
Importance of this empire
By turning southern Mesopotamia into a state, instead of a group of temple-cities, the Kassites made Babylonia an international power. They ruled Babylonia almost without interruption for about four hundred years — the longest rule by any dynasty in Babylonian history.[1]
Kassite kings established trade and diplomacy with Assyria, Egypt, Elam and the Hittites. The Kassite royal house intermarried with their royal families. There were foreign merchants in Babylon and other cities. Babylonian merchants traded from Egypt (a source of Nubian gold) to Assyria and Anatolia. Kassite weights and seals, the tools of trade, have been found in Thebes in Greece, in southern Armenia, and even in a shipwreck off the southern coast of today's Turkey.
The Kassite kings set up a network of provinces administered by governors. Nippur, a formerly great city, had been virtually abandoned. It was rebuilt in the Kassite period, and became the most important provincial center. Under the Kassite government, the governor of Nippur ruled as a secondary (lesser) king. Some 13th century BC Kassite kings even took the title 'Governor of Nippur' for themselves.
The Elamites conquered Babylonia in the 12th century BC, thus ending the Kassite state. The last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi, was taken to Susa and imprisoned there, where he died. However, Kassites survived as a distinct ethnic group in the mountains of Lorestan long after the Kassite state collapsed.
Kassite Dynasty Media
Kudurru reporting the donation of land by the Kassite king Meli-Shipak II to his daughter Hunubate-Nanaia, 12th century BC, Louvre Museum
Political map of the Middle East in the early period covered by the Amarna Letters, first half of the 14th century BC.
Stone with a votive inscription with the name of Nazi-Maruttash, son of Kurigalzu II. Babylonian artwork, Kassite period.
Kudurru dated to the reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Babylonian work of the Kassite period, taken to Susa as spoil of war in the 12th century BC
Letter of diplomatic correspondence between the Kassite king Burna-Buriash II and the pharaoh Niburrereia (Tutankhamun?) found at Amarna (AE 9)
Depictions of the symbols of the main deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon in the Kassite period, on the reverse of a kudurru from the reign of Meli-Shipak (1186-1172 BC), representing a procession of musician gods and animals; Louvre Museum
Detail of an "unfinished" Kudurru attributed to the reign of Meli-Shipak (1186-1172 BC)
Ruins of the ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu (currently the site of Acar Cufe, after restoration of the base
References
- ↑ Boardman J. et al. (eds) 1982. Cambridge Ancient History, vol III Pt 1 (2nd Ed). Cambridge University Press.