Khartoum
Khartoum or Khartum (/kɑːrˈtuːm/ kar-TOOM;[5][6] Arabic: الخرطوم) is the capital city of Sudan.
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الخرطوم | |
|---|---|
Capital city | |
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 Seal | |
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| Coordinates: 15°30′2″N 32°33′36″E / 15.50056°N 32.56000°ECoordinates: 15°30′2″N 32°33′36″E / 15.50056°N 32.56000°E[1] | |
| Country |  Sudan |
| State | Khartoum |
| Area | |
| • Capital city | 1,010 km2 (390 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 381 m (1,250 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Capital city | 639,598 |
| • Urban | 6,017,000 |
| • Metro | 5,274,321 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (CAT) |
It is also Sudan's largest city. It is where the Blue Nile and main Nile come together. Its name means "elephant tusk".
Two other cities nearby are Omdurman and Khartoum North.
Climate
Khartoum has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). It is very dry in the winter. This is normal in the Saharo-Sahelian zone. The climate is very dry for most of the year. In eight months of the year, the average rainfall is less than 5 mm (0.20 in) of rain.
In August, there is a little bit of rain. The most amount of rainfall in this month is about 48 mm (1.9 in). The rainy season is usually windy. The average amount of rainfall is very low. There is only 121.3 mm (4.78 in) of precipitation on average in a year.
The highest temperatures usually are during two main parts of the year. The first is in the late dry season when the temperatures are usually above 40 °C (104 °F) from April to June. The second is in the early dry season. Here, the average highs are above 39 °C (102 °F) in September and October. Temperatures are usually colder in the night.
The lowest average low temperature in the year in January is just above 15 °C (59 °F). Khartoum is one of the hottest major cities on Earth. It has an annual mean temperature of 30 °C (86 °F). In most months, the monthly average temperatures doesn't get below 30 °C (86 °F). This is usually not seen in any other majors cities with hot desert climates like Riyadh, Baghdad and Phoenix.[7]
| Climate data for Khartoum (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.7 (103.5) |
42.5 (108.5) |
45.2 (113.4) |
46.2 (115.2) |
46.8 (116.2) |
46.3 (115.3) |
44.5 (112.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
44.0 (111.2) |
43.0 (109.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
46.8 (116.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
40.4 (104.7) |
41.9 (107.4) |
41.3 (106.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
35.2 (95.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
37.0 (98.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
25.0 (77) |
28.7 (83.7) |
31.9 (89.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.4 (90.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
22.8 (73) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
17.8 (64) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
6.2 (43.2) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.1 (0.004) |
0.0 (0) |
3.9 (0.154) |
4.2 (0.165) |
29.6 (1.165) |
48.3 (1.902) |
26.7 (1.051) |
7.8 (0.307) |
0.7 (0.028) |
0.0 (0) |
121.3 (4.776) |
| % Humidity | 27 | 22 | 17 | 16 | 19 | 28 | 43 | 49 | 40 | 28 | 27 | 30 | 29 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.7 |
| Sunshine hours | 316.2 | 296.6 | 316.2 | 318.0 | 310.0 | 279.0 | 269.7 | 272.8 | 273.0 | 306.9 | 303.0 | 319.3 | 3,580.7 |
| Source #1: World Meteorological Organisation,[8] NOAA (extremes and humidity 1961–1990)[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
| City | Metropolitan area | |
| 1907[11] | 69,349 | n.a. |
| 1956 | 93,100 | 245,800 |
| 1973 | 333,906 | 748,300 |
| 1983 | 476,218 | 1,340,646 |
| 1993 | 947,483 | 2,919,773 |
| 2008 Census Preliminary | 3,639,598 | 5,274,321 |
Almost 250,000 Syrians lived in Khartoum in 2019, representing 5% of all of the people in the city. Most of the population are young men who have fled war in Syria. Sudan was the only country in the world to accept travelers that has a Syrian passport but didn't have a visa.[12]
List of Governors Khartoum
c.1837 * Khartoum a province of Egyptian Sudan.
Governors c.1837 - 1861 ....
- 1861 - 1863 Muhammad Rasikh Bey (b. c.1834 - d. 1883)
- 1863 - 1877 ....
1877 Mustafa Bey Murad
- 1877 Muhammad Ma'ani Bey Governors (d. 1881)
- 1877 - 1878 `Uthman Rifiq Pasha (b. 1839 - d. 1886)
- 1878 Busati Bey Madani (b. 1850 - d. 1883)
- Feb 1991 - Feb 1994 Mohammed Saeed
- Feb 1994 - Dec 1997 Badr al-Din Taha
- Dec 1997 - Feb 2001 Majdhub al-Khalifa
- Feb 2001 - 8 May 2009 Abd al-Halim Ismail al-Muta'afi
- 8 May 2009 - Jun 2015 Abdul-Rahman Al-Khidir
- Jun 2015 - 22 Feb 2019 Abdul-Rahim Mohamed Hussein
- 24 Feb 2019 - 16 Apr 2019 Hashim Osman al-Hussein
- 16 Apr 2019 - 18 Jun 2019 Murtadha Abdalla Warraq
- 18 Jun 2019 - 16 Apr 2020 Ahmed Abdoun Hammad
- 16 Apr 2020 - 2020 Youssef Adam Aldai (acting)
- 27 Jul 2020 - 2022 Ayman Khaled Nimer
- 1 Mar 2022 - Ahmed Osman Hamza
Khartoum Media
In the slave-market at Khartoum
Die Gartenlaube (1888) b 617
Government House (1936); now the Presidential Palace
Khartoum with White and Blue Niles
Khartoum (center) is near the middle of the Nile river system
Development in Khartoum in 2009, with the PDOC Headquarters on right and the under-construction GNPOC Tower on left
Africa road tunnel near the Khartoum International Airport
بص يقل مواطنين بولاية الخرطوم، شارع الجمهورية
A boat on the Blue Nile before the Al Mansheiya Bridge.
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Related pages
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Where is Khartoum, The Sudan?. worldatlas.com (2018). Retrieved 2018-01-28.
- ↑ Sudan: States, Major Cities, Towns & Agglomeration - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information. www.citypopulation.de.
- ↑ Sudan Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com (in en). www.worldatlas.com (7 April 2017). Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ↑ Demographia World Urban Areas (May 2021)Demographia. p. 42. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ↑ Khartoum. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Khartoum.
- ↑ Khartoum. TheFreeDictionary.com.
- ↑ Peel, M. C.. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11 (5) (2007). p. 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service – KhartoumWorld Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ↑ Khartoum Climate Normals 1961–1990National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
- ↑ Klimatafel von Khartoum / Sudan (in de). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the worldDeutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ↑
Khartum 15 (1911)Cambridge University Press. p. 773.
- ↑ Tobin, Sarah A.. The New Lost Boys of Sudan. The Project on Middle East Political Science (13 November 2019). Retrieved 4 December 2020.
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