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Kosovo War

The Kosovo War was a controversial war that took place from 1998 to 1999 in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Kosovo Liberation Army fought the Yugoslavian army from 1998 to 1999. In 1999, NATO bombed Yugoslavia to prevent genocide in Kosovo.

Kosovo War
Part of the Yugoslav Wars[2]
Kosovo War header.jpg
Clockwise from top-left: Yugoslav general staff headquarters damaged by NATO air strikes; a Zastava Koral buried under rubble caused by NATO air strikes; memorial to local KLA commanders; a USAF F-15E taking off from Aviano Air Base
DateFebruary 1998 – 11 June 1999
Location
Kosovo (then part of Yugoslavia) and Albania (Albanian & OSCE Claim)[3][4]
Result

Kumanovo agreement

Territorial
changes		 No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but effective political and economic separation of Kosovo from Yugoslavia due to being placed under UN administration
Belligerents

File:Flag of the Kosovo Liberation Army.svg KLA

 Albania

23px NATO
 22x20px Yugoslavia
Commanders and leaders

25px Adem Jashari  †
25px Hashim Thaçi
25px Bilall Syla
25px Hamëz Jashari  †
25px Sylejman Selimi
25px Ramush Haradinaj
25px Agim Çeku

Albania Kudusi Lama

23x15px Wesley Clark

File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg Slobodan Milošević
23x15px Dragoljub Ojdanić
23x15px Nebojša Pavković
23x15px Vlastimir Đorđević[11]

23x15px Vladimir Lazarević[12]
23x15px Sreten Lukić
Strength

25px 17,000–20,000 KLA insurgents[13]

23x15px cca. 80 aircraft
(Operation Eagle Eye)[14]
23x15px 1,031 aircraft
(Operation Allied Force)[15]
23x15px 30+ warships and submarines[16]

File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 85,000 soldiers[17] (including 40,000 in and around Kosovo)[16]
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 20,000 policemen
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 100 SAM sites[16]
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 1,400 artillery pieces
(Both ground & air defence)[16]
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 240 aircraft [16]
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 2,032 armoured vehicles & tanks[16]
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbian paramilitary units (Šakali, Škorpioni), unknown number

File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian volunteers, unknown number [18][19]
Casualties and losses

25px 1,500 insurgents killed (per the KLA)[20]
25px 2,131 insurgents killed (per the HLC)[21]

United States 2 killed (non-combat) and 3 captured[22][23]
United States 2 aircraft shot down and 3 damaged[24][25][26][27]
United States Two AH-64 Apaches and an AV-8B Harrier crashed (non-combat)[28]
23x15px 47 UAVs shot down[29]

File:Flag of France.svg Possible unknown number of DGSE officers killed[30]

Caused by KLA:
23x15px 624 Yugoslav soldiers and Serbian policemen killed[31]
Caused by NATO:
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg 1,008–1,200 killed[b]
23x15px 14 tanks,[36] 18 APCs, 20 artillery pieces[37] and 121 aircraft and helicopters destroyed[38]

Caused by KLA and NATO:
23x15px 1,084 killed (per the HLC)[21]

Albania 8,676 Kosovar Albanian civilians killed or missing[21]
Albania 90% of Kosovar Albanians displaced during the war[39] (848,000–863,000 expelled from Kosovo,[40][41][42] 590,000 Kosovar Albanians displaced within Kosovo)[39]
23x15px 1,641[21]–2,500[43] Serb and other non-Albanian civilians killed or missing (445 Roma and others)[21]
23x15px 230,000 Kosovo Serbs, Romani and other non-Albanian civilians displaced[44]
23x15px/Albania Civilian deaths caused by NATO bombing: 489–528 (per Human Rights Watch)[45] or 453–2,500 (per the HLC and Tanjug);[21][43] also includes People's Republic of China 3 Chinese journalists killed

13,548 civilians and fighters dead overall (Albanians, Serbs, Bosniaks, Roma)[46]

Kosovo War Media

  • Memorial plaque in Pristina, dedicated to two protesters who were killed in the 1981 protests, demanding more autonomy for Kosovo

  • Economy Yugoslavia 1975.png

    SAP Kosovo was the poorest entity of SFR Yugoslavia. The deteriorating economic situation became a catalyst for increased inter-ethnic tensions in the 1980s.

  • Slobodan Milošević i Ivan Stambolić, 1986.jpg

    Slobodan Milošević and Ivan Stambolić's 1987 visit to Kosovo marked the beginning of Milošević's rise to the Presidency, after he made the remarks "No one will beat you again," to a crowd of Serb protesters.

  • Parliament of the Republic of Kosovo 3.jpg

    114 delegates of the SAP Kosovo Assembly gathered in front of the closed Assembly building on July 2, 1990, and declared Kosovo an independent Republic within Yugoslavia.

  • Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse002.jpg

    Serbian victims during insurgency

  • Donji Prekaz Kosova (3939095807).jpg

    The Jashari family compound in Prekaz, where KLA leader Adem Jashari and 60 other people, mainly civilians, were murdered in the attack on Prekaz

  • Memorial complex in Gllogjan, where the Battle of Glođane took place

  • Clinton talks on the phone about the Kosovo War

  • Equipment of 72nd Special Brigade Yugoslav Army in the 1999 Kosovo War

  • A US F-117 Nighthawk taxis to the runway before taking off from Aviano Air Base, Italy, on 24 March 1999

Related pages

Notes

  1. ↑ [6][7][8][9][10]
  2. ↑ Serbia claims that 1,008 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen were killed by NATO bombing.[32] NATO initially claimed that 5,000 Yugoslav servicemen had been killed and 10,000 had been wounded during the NATO air campaign.[33][34] NATO has since revised this estimation to 1,200 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen killed.[35]

References

  1. ↑ "The Balkans/Allied Force: Statistics". planken.org. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  2. ↑ Thomas (2006)[broken anchor], p. 47
  3. ↑ Daniszewski, John (1999-04-14). "Yugoslav Troops Said to Cross Into Albania". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/apr/14/news/mn-27375. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  4. ↑ Daly, Emma (1999-04-14). "War In The Balkans: Serbs enter Albania and burn village". The Independent (London). https://www.independent.co.uk/news/war-in-the-balkans-serbs-enter-albania-and-burn-village-1087030.html. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  5. ↑ Reitman, Valerie; Richter, Paul; Dahlburg, John-Thor (1999-06-10). "Yugoslav, NATO Generals Sign Peace Agreement for Kosovo / Alliance will end air campaign when Serbian troops pull out". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/06/10/MN82284.DTL. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  6. ↑ "Abuses against Serbs and Roma in the new Kosovo". Human Rights Watch. August 1999.
  7. ↑ Hudson, Robert; Bowman, Glenn (2012). After Yugoslavia: Identities and Politics Within the Successor States. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-230-20131-6.
  8. ↑ "Kosovo Crisis Update". UNHCR. August 4, 1999.
  9. ↑ "Forced Expulsion of Kosovo Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from OSCE Participated state to Kosovo". OSCE. October 6, 2006.
  10. ↑ Siobhán Wills (26 February 2009). Protecting Civilians: The Obligations of Peacekeepers. Oxford University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-19-953387-9. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  11. ↑ BBC News – Serbian Vlastimir Djordjevic jailed over Kosovo murders. BBC News. 2011-02-24. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12563330. Retrieved 2012-05-06. 
  12. ↑ "Serbia charges police officers with 1999 Kosovo murders". SETimes.com. 2006-04-28. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  13. ↑ John Pike. "Kosovo Liberation Army [KLA / UCK]". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  14. ↑ 12 mal bewertet (24 March 1999). "Die Bundeswehr zieht in den Krieg". 60xdeutschland.de. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  15. ↑ John Pike. "Kosovo Order of Battle". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 "NATO Operation Allied Force". Defense.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-02-28. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  17. ↑ Kosovo Map The Guardian
  18. ↑ Fighting for a foreign land. BBC News. 1999-05-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/348340.stm. Retrieved 2012-02-28. 
  19. ↑ "Russian volunteer's account of Kosovo". The Russia Journal. 1999-07-05. Archived from the original on 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  20. ↑ Daalder & O'Hanlon 2000[broken anchor], p. 151
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 "Kosovo Memory Book Database Presentation and Evaluation" (PDF). Humanitarian Law Center. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  22. ↑ Two die in Apache crash. BBC News. 1999-05-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/335709.stm. Retrieved 2012-05-06. 
  23. ↑ John Pike. "Operation Allied Force". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  24. ↑ "How to Take Down an F-117". Strategypage.com. 2005-11-21. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  25. ↑ "Holloman commander recalls being shot down in Serbia". F-16.net. February 7, 2007. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  26. ↑ "A-10 Thunderbolt II". Ejection-history.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  27. ↑ "F-117 damage said attributed to full moon". Atlanta Journal-Constitution: A14. 1999-05-06. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADA4695E8E4162&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM#profF-117. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  28. ↑ Nato loses two planes. BBC News. 1999-05-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/333596.stm. Retrieved 2012-05-06. 
  29. ↑ Andrei Kislyakov (October 9, 2007). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Increase In Numbers. Radardaily.com. http://www.radardaily.com/reports/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles_Increase_In_Numbers_999.html. Retrieved 2012-02-28. 
  30. ↑ Alleged connections between top Kosovo politicians and assassin investigated | World news | The Guardian
  31. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050306052601/http://www.arhiva.serbia.sr.gov.yu/news/2002-07/08/325076.html
  32. ↑ "NATO nam ubio 1.008 vojnika i policajaca". Mondo. Archived from the original on 2016-08-06. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
  33. ↑ Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2006). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Routledge. p. 558. ISBN 978-0-203-96911-3.
  34. ↑ Chambers II, John Whiteclay (1999). The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6.
  35. ↑ Coopersmith, Jonathan; Launius, Roger D. (2003). Taking Off: A Century of Manned Flight. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-56347-610-5.
  36. ↑ Andrew Cockburn (3 April 2011). "The limits of air power". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/03/opinion/la-oe-cockburn-libya-20110403. Retrieved 3 March 2013. 
  37. ↑ Macdonald 2007, pp. 99.
  38. ↑ Bacevich & Cohen 2001[broken anchor], p. 22
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Facts and Figurues - War in Europe". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  40. ↑ "Serbia: 13,000 killed and missing from Kosovo war – rights group". Relief Web. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
  41. ↑ Judah, Tim (2009). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-300-15826-7.
  42. ↑ Kosovo/Kosova: As Seen. pp. Part III, Chap 14.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Serbia marks anniversary of NATO bombing". B92. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  44. ↑ Judah, Tim (2008-09-29). Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-974103-8.
  45. ↑ "Civilian Deaths in the NATO Air Campaign – The Crisis In Kosovo". HRW. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  46. ↑ "Kosovo Memory Book". HLC. Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
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