Ladino language
Ladino (also called Judeo-Spanish) is a Jewish Romance language that is very close to the Spanish language. It has many old Spanish words and Hebrew words.
| Judaeo-Spanish | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ladino גֿודֿיאו-איספאנייול Djudeo-Espagnol גֿידֿייו Djidio גֿודֿזמו Djudesmo איספאנייול Espagnol איספאנייוליקו Espagnolico חאקיטיאה Jaquetía לאדינו Ladino | ||||
| Pronunciation | [dʒuˈðeo espaˈɲol] | |||
| Native to |  Israel  Turkey  USA  France  Greece  Brazil  UK and others | |||
| Ethnicity | Sephardim | |||
| Native speakers | Between 70,000 and 200,000.[1] Most recent estimates around 95,000. 72,000 in Israel, 7,000 in Turkey, 3,500 in the USA, 2,500 in France, around 1,000 each in Greece, Brazil and the UK. (2013) | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Dialects |
Levantine Variant - main variant, two branches
Occidental branch - originally spoken in Albania, Romania, Western Bulgaria, Western Greece and Yugoslavia Oriental branch - originally spoken in Eastern Bulgaria, Eastern Greece, the Middle East, North Africa (except for Morocco) and Turkey.[1] Ponentine Variant - extinct
| |||
| Writing system | Mainly Latin script Original script Rashi and Solitreo Other scripts; Persian, Cyrillic, Greek and Hebrew. | |||
| Official status | ||||
| Regulated by | Autoridad Nasionala del Ladino in Israel (using Latin letters) | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-2 | lad | |||
| ISO 639-3 | lad | |||
| Linguasphere | 51-AAB-ba ... 51-AAB-bd | |||
| ||||
History
During the Middle Ages, many Jews lived in Spain. They were called Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (in Hebrew). Forced to leave Spain after the country was taken over by Christians, they brought the old Spanish with them to their new countries. Some Sephardic Jews still speak Ladino in Israel, Turkey, Bulgaria, the United States, and other countries.
Like many other Jewish languages, Ladino is an endangered language, is in danger of language death. It could become an extinct language. Most native speakers are old because many of them who emigrated to Israel and did not pass on the language to their children or grandchildren. In some Sephardic Jewish communities in Latin America and elsewhere, there is a threat of dialect levelling by the extinction by assimilation into modern Spanish.
Writing
Ladino is usually written by using the Latin alphabet but in Israel, it uses the Hebrew alphabet.
Ladin language
Ladino should not be confused with the Ladin language, which is related to the Swiss Romansh and Friulian languages and is mostly spoken in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region of Northern Italy.
Ladino Language Media
A 1902 Issue of La Epoca, a Judeo-Spanish newspaper from Salonica (Thessaloniki) during the Ottoman Empire
Judaeo-Spanish speaking communities in the Mediterranean
The Rashi script, originally used to print the language
Nuevo Silibaryo Espanyol. Judaeo-Spanish textbook, Salonika, 1929
Cover of Me-'am lo'ez
Inscription at Yad Vashem in Hebrew, English, Yiddish, and Judaeo-Spanish
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Judeo-Spanish Language - General Overview". Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
Other websites
 |
This language has its own Wikipedia project. See the Ladino language edition. |
- Socolovsky, Jerome. "Lost Language of Ladino Revived in Spain", Morning Edition, National Public Radio, March 19, 2007.