Laika
Laika (Russian: Лайка;[a] c. 1954 – November 3, 1957) was a Soviet Union space dog. She was one of the first animals in space, and the first animal to orbit the Earth.[1] She was a mix of either a Siberian Husky or other Nordic breed, and a terrier. NASA refers to Laika as a "part-Samoyed terrier."[2] A dog was sent into space to get information about the behavior of living organisms in a space environment. Information from the flight led to the discovery of solar (from the sun) and cosmic radiation.
| Other name(s) | Kudryavka |
|---|---|
| Species | Canis lupus familiaris |
| Breed | Mongrel, possibly part-husky (or part-Samoyed) and part-terrier |
| Sex | Female |
| Born | Laika Лайка c. 1954 Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Died | 3 November 1957 (aged 3) Sputnik 2, in Low Earth orbit |
| Years active | 1957 |
| Known for | First animal to orbit the Earth |
| Owner | Soviet space program |
| Weight | 5 kg (11 lb) |
Laika had been a stray dog living in the streets of Moscow. She underwent training with two other dogs. She was then chosen as the dog to go up in the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2. It was launched into outer space on November 3, 1957.
Fate of Laika known
Not much was known about how spaceflight would affect living animals at the time of Laika's mission. There was also no way, at that time, to bring the satellite back down to Earth. So all the scientists knew there would be no way for Laika to survive her trip. It was necessary to send a dog first as a test, because it was not thought that humans could live in outer space.[3]
Before her trip in Sputnik, one of the scientists took Laika home to play with his children. Dr. Vladimir Yazdovsky wrote: "Laika was quiet and charming...I wanted to do something nice for her: She had so little time left to live."[4][5]
One of the technicians getting the capsule ready before final lift-off said that "after placing Laika in the container and before closing the hatch, we kissed her nose and wished her bon voyage, knowing that she would not survive the flight."[6]
Death in space
Laika died within hours from overheating. Her body temperature got way too hot for her to survive.[7] The heat in her spacecraft had quickly risen to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit).[5] The true cause and time of her death were hidden from people until 2002. Instead, it was reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six.[8] Another untruth, as the Soviet government first said, was that she was euthanised (put to sleep) before her oxygen ran out.
In the Soviet Union, during the following years, no one openly questioned the decision to send a dog into space. It was not until 1998, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, that Oleg Gazenko, one of the top-level scientists responsible for sending Laika into space, said he was sorry for allowing her to die:[9][10][11]
Work with animals is a source of suffering to all of us. We treat them like babies who cannot speak. The more time passes, the more I'm sorry about it. We shouldn't have done it ... We did not learn enough from this mission to justify the death of the dog.
Return to Earth
Over five months later, after 2,570 orbits, Sputnik 2 burned up—along with Laika's remains—during re-entry on April 14, 1958.[12]
Memorials and tribute
On April 11, 2008, Russian officials opened a monument to Laika. It was built near the military research facility in Moscow which prepared Laika's space flight. It is of a dog standing on top of a rocket.[3][13]
She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow.[14]
Laika & the Cosmonauts, a Finnish surf rock band, were named for Laika. They formed in 1987.
Laika Media
NASA named this soil target on Mars after Laika during the Mars Exploration Rover mission.
"Laika, first traveller into cosmos", issued by Poșta Română in 1957
References
Notes
- ↑ Laika, meaning "Barker" in Russian, is also the name of several dog breeds.
Citations
- ↑ "Laika the Dog & the First Animals in Space". Space.com. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
- ↑ Sputnik 2. National Space Science Data Center. Accessed April14, 2015.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vladimir Isachenkov (11 April 2008). Russia opens monument to space dog Laika. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-04-11-177105809_x.htm. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Vladimir Isachenkov (11 April 2008). "Space dog Monument opens in Russia: over 50 years ago Laika's sacrifice paved way for human space flight". NBC News (Associated Press). Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Palya Diren (March 2014). "Laika, The First Animal in Space". Science Penguin website. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
- ↑ "Sputnik-2". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Malashenkov, D. C. (2002). "Abstract:Some Unknown Pages of the Living Organisms' First Orbital Flight". IAF Abstracts. Astrophysics Data System: 288. Bibcode:2002iaf..confE.288M.
- ↑ Beischer, DE; Fregly, AR (1962). "Animals and man in space. A chronology and annotated bibliography through the year 1960". US Naval School of Aviation Medicine. ONR TR ACR-64 (AD0272581). Archived from the original on 2015-08-11. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Dick Abadzis, afterword to Laika, First Second, 2007, ISBN 1-59643-302-7
- ↑ "The Story of Laika". Moscow Animals. Archived from the original on 2006-08-16. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ↑ "Message from the First Dog in Space Received 45 Years Too Late". Dogs in the News. 3 November 2002. Archived from the original on 2006-01-08. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ↑ "The Story of Laika". moscowanimals.org. Archived from the original on 2006-08-16. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ "Laika".accuweather.com. Retrieved on 2014 August 2014.
- ↑ "A New Monument for Laika, Russia's Heroic Space Dog". 11 April 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2015.