List of monarchs of Luxembourg

The territory of Luxembourg has been ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.

House of Ardenne–Luxembourg

See also: House of Ardenne–Luxembourg

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Siegfried	922	28 October 998	963 – 28 October 998
	Henry I	964	27 February 1026	28 October 998 – 27 February 1026	his son
	Henry II	1007	16 October 1047	27 February 1026 – 16 October 1047	his nephew
	Giselbert	1007	14 August 1059	16 October 1047 – 14 August 1059	his brother
	Conrad I	1040	8 August 1086	14 August 1059 – 8 August 1086	his son
	Henry III	1070	1096	8 August 1086 – 1096
	William I	1081	1131	1096 – 1131	his brother
	Conrad II	1106	1136	1131 – 1136	his son
	Ermesinde I	1080	1143	1136 – 1136	his aunt

House of Luxembourg–Namur

See also: House of Namur

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Ermesinde II	July 1186	12 February 1247	1197 – 12 February 1247	Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin
	Theobald I	1158	13 February 1214	1197 – 13 February 1214	her first husband and co-ruler
	Waleran	1180	2 July 1226	May 1214 – 2 July 1226	her second husband and co-ruler

House of Hohenstaufen

Main page: House of Hohenstaufen

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Otto	June/July 1170	13 January 1200	1196 – 1197	his third-cousin once removed

House of Luxembourg–Limburg

Main page: House of Luxembourg

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Henry V the Blond	1216	24 December 1281	12 February 1247 – 24 December 1281	their son
	Henry VI the Condemned	1240	5 June 1288	24 December 1281 – 5 June 1288	his son
	Henry VII	1275/1270	24 August 1313	5 June 1288 – 24 August 1313
	John the Blind	10 August 1296	26 August 1346	24 August 1313 – 26 August 1346
	Charles IV	14 May 1316	29 November 1378	26 August 1346 – 1353
	Wenceslaus I	25 February 1337	7 December 1383	1353 – 13 March 1354	his brother

Dukes of Luxembourg

In 1354, the county was elevated to a duchy.

House of Luxembourg-Limburg

Main page: House of Luxembourg

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Wenceslaus I	25 February 1337	7 December 1383	13 March 1354 – 7 December 1383	himself as count
	Wenceslas II the Lazy	26 February 1361	16 August 1419	7 December 1383 – 1388	his nephew
	Jobst	December 1351	18 January 1411	1388 – 18 January 1411	his cousin
	Elisabeth I	November 1390	2 August 1451	18 January 1411 – 1443	his heiress & first cousin once removed
	Anthony	August 1384	25 October 1415	18 January 1411 – 25 October 1415	her first husband and co-ruler
	John II the Pitiless	1374	6 January 1425	10 March 1418 – 6 January 1425	her second husband and co-ruler

As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441, but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.

Claimants

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Elisabeth I	November 1390	2 August 1451	1443 to 2 August 1451
	Ladislaus the Posthumous	22 February 1440	23 November 1457	2 August 1451 to 23 November 1457	Her first cousin once removed
	Anne	12 April 1432	13 November 1462	23 November 1457 to 13 November 1462	His sister
	William the Brave	30 April 1425	17 September 1482		Her husband and co-pretender
	Elisabeth II	1436	30 August 1505	13 November 1462 to 1467	Her sister
	Casimir Jagiellon	30 November 1427	7 June 1492		Her husband and co-pretender
	George of Poděbrady	23 April 1420	22 March 1471	1458 to 1471	Claimed title as king of Bohemia

House of Valois-Burgundy

Main page: House of Valois-Burgundy

In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Philip I "the Good"	31 July 1396	15 June 1467	1443 to 15 June 1467	Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and "usurper"
	Charles II "the Bold"	10 November 1433	5 January 1477	15 June 1467 to 5 January 1477	His son
	Mary I "the Rich"	13 February 1457	27 March 1482	5 January 1477 to 27 March 1482	His daughter
	Maximilian I "the Last Knight"	22 March 1459	12 January 1519		Her husband and co-ruler

House of Habsburg

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Charles V Karl Franz Joseph Wenceslau Balthasar Johann Anton Ignatius	1 October 1685	20 October 1740	11 April 1713 – 20 October 1740	his second cousin
	Maria II Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina	13 May 1717	29 November 1780	20 October 1740 – 29 November 1780	his daughter
	Joseph Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michael Adam	13 March 1741	20 February 1790	29 November 1780 to 20 February 1790	her son
	Leopold Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard	5 May 1747	1 March 1792	20 February 1790 to 1 March 1792	His brother
	Francis II Francis Joseph Charles	12 February 1768	2 March 1835	1 March 1792 to 1794	His son

Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.

House of Bourbon

Main page: House of Bourbon

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Philip V Philippe de France	19 December 1683	9 July 1746	1 November 1700 – 1712	his grandnephew

House of Wittelsbach

Main page: House of Wittelsbach

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Maximilian II Maximilian Emanuel Ludwig Maria Joseph Kajetan Anton Nikolaus Franz Ignaz Felix	11 July 1662	26 February 1726	1712 – 11 April 1713	his uncle

House of Orange-Nassau

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Willem I Willem Frederik (Prince William VI of Orange)	24 August 1772	12 December 1843	15 March 1815 to 7 October 1840	Francis' third cousin and Anne's direct descendant
	Willem II Willem Frederik George Lodewijk	6 December 1792	17 March 1849	7 October 1840 to 17 March 1849	His son
	Willem III Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk	17 February 1817	23 November 1890	17 March 1849 to 23 November 1890

House of Nassau-Weilburg

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death	Right of Succession
Adolphe 23 November 1890 – 17 November 1905		24 July 1817 Wiesbaden (Prussia)	(1) Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia 31 January 1844 [1 child (stillborn)] (2) Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau 23 April 1851 [5 children]	17 November 1905 Colmar-Berg	William III's 17th cousin once removed through male line
Guillaume IV 17 November 1905 – 25 February 1912		22 April 1852 Wiesbaden (Prussia)	Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal [6 children]	25 February 1912 Colmar-Berg	his son
Marie-Adélaïde 25 February 1912 – 14 January 1919 (abdicated)		14 June 1894 Colmar-Berg	Unmarried [childless]	24 January 1924 Lenggries (Germany)	his daughter
Charlotte 14 January 1919 – 12 November 1964 (abdicated)		23 January 1896 Colmar-Berg	Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma 6 November 1919 [6 children]	9 July 1985 Fischbach	her sister
Jean 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000 (abdicated)		5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg	Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium 9 April 1953 [5 children]	23 April 2019 Luxembourg City	her son
Henri 7 October 2000 – present		16 April 1955 Betzdorf	María Teresa Mestre y Batista 4 February/14 February 1981 [5 children]	living	his son

Timeline of Grand Dukes of Luxembourg since 1815

Other websites

• History of titles of the counts and dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (before 1467)
• History of titles of the dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (1467-1795)
• History of titles of the grand dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (since 1814)