M60 Patton

M60
M60
	An M60 tank on display at the Batesville, Mississippi VFW Post in October 2012.
Type	Main battle tank
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1959–present
Used by	See Operators
Wars	Cold War; Yom Kippur War; Ogaden War ; Invasion of Grenada ; Persian Gulf War; Iran–Iraq War; Lebanese Civil War; 1982 Lebanon War; Multinational Force in Lebanon; Yemeni Civil War (1994); Western Sahara War ; 2011 Bahrain protests ; Houthi insurgency in Yemen ; Kurdish–Turkish conflict ; Cambodian–Thai border dispute; Turkish military intervention in the Syrian Civil War ; Sinai insurgency ; Yemeni Civil War ; Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
Production history
Designer	Chrysler Defense Engineering
Designed	1957
Manufacturer	Chrysler Corporation Delaware Defense Plant 1959-1960 ; Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant 1960-1983
Unit cost	M60: US$309,000 (1962) ; M60A1RISE: US$385,000 (1976) ; M60A2: US$372,000 (1974) ; M60A3TTS: US$1.292 million (1990)
Produced	M60: 1959–1962 ; M60A1: 1962–1980 ; M60A2: 1973–1975 ; M60A3: 1978–1983
No. built	Over 15,000 (all variants)
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Mass	M60: 50.7 short tons (46.0 t; 45.3 long tons) ; M60A1: 52.6 short tons (47.7 t; 47.0 long tons) ; M60A2: 52.0 short tons (47.2 t; 46.4 long tons) ; M60A3: 54.6 short tons (49.5 t; 48.8 long tons)
Length	M60/M60A1/M60A3: 6.946 meters (22 ft 9.5 in) (hull), 9.309 meters (30 ft 6.5 in) (gun forward) ; M60A2: 6.946 meters (22 ft 9.5 in) (hull), 7.3 meters (23 ft 11 in) (gun forward)
Width	M60/M60A1/M60A2/M60A3: 3.631 meters (11 ft 11.0 in)
Height	M60: 3.213 meters (10 ft 6.5 in) ; M60A2: 3.1 meters (10 ft 2 in) ; M60A1/M60A3: 3.27 meters (10 ft 9 in)
Crew	4
Armor	Upper Glacis M60: 3.67 in (93 mm) at 65° ; 8.68 in (220 mm) LoS; M60A1: 4.29 in (109 mm) at 65° ; 10.15 in (258 mm) LoS; M60A2: same as M60A1; M60A3: same as M60A1; Turret Front M60: equals 7 in (180 mm); M60A1: equals 10 in (250 mm); M60A2: equals 11.5 in (290 mm); M60A3: equals 10.87 in (276 mm);
Main; armament	M60 / M60A1 / M60A3: M68 105 mm (4.1 in); M60A2: 152 mm (6.0 in) M162 Gun/Launcher;
Secondary; armament	.50 BMG (12.7×99mm) M85 mounted on M19 Commanders Cupola; 7.62×51mm NATO M73 machine gun (later upgraded to M240C);
Engine	Continental AVDS-1790-2 V12, air-cooled Twin-turbo diesel engine; 750 bhp (560 kW)
Power/weight	15.08 bhp/st (12.4 kW/tonne)
Transmission	General Motors, cross-drive, single-stage with 2 forward and 1 reverse ranges
Suspension	Torsion bar suspension
Ground clearance	1 foot 6.2 inches (0.463 m)
Fuel capacity	385 US gal (1,457 L)
Operational; range	300 miles (500 km)
Maximum speed	30 mph (48 km/h) (road) ; 12 mph (19 km/h) (cross country)

The M60 Patton is a main battle tank (MBT) introduced in December 1960.^[12] The M60 became the Army's primary tank during the Cold War.^[13] When the Soviet Union got the T-54 tank, the United States decided to upgrade the M48 Patton tank.^[14] The armor was improved. It was fitted with the British L7 105 mm tank gun.^[14] The army also decided to switch from gasoline to diesel.^[14]

M60 Patton Media

A Jordanian M60A3 firing its main gun in 2015
A detailed view of the M19 commander's cupola on an M60A1 vehicle of later production.
A concept design #1 of the XM60 mounting the T123E6 main gun and British styled gun barrel, the newly designed full-vision cupola using the T95E6 turret as preferred by the Ordnance Department.
M60 production pilot number 1 after completion by Chrysler on 2 July 1959. Note the use of a pedestal mounted M2HB machine gun on the cupola. The turret is traversed to the rear of the tank.
M60E1 pilot number 1 during preliminary tests at the Detroit Arsenal Test Center 19 May 1961. The machine guns are not installed.
A M60A1 tank during field training in 1975. Note the more elongated shape of the new turret used on this variant.
Members of the 24th Infantry Division maneuver an M60A1 main battle tank during Exercise GALLANT EAGLE '79.
M60A1 in experimental NATO camouflage, 1985.
USMC M60A1 vehicles lined up during cold weather training.
A US Army M60A1 RISE Passive tank maneuvers through a narrow German village street while participating in REFORGER 1982.

References

↑ Hunnicutt 1984, p. 165
↑ Office, U.S. Government Accountability (6 August 1976). "Increasing Procurement Cost Of M60A1 Tanks". Gao.gov (PSAD-76-153). Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Sabot Publications, M60A2 Main Battle Tank in Detail, Volume 1
↑ "Taiwan - Congressional Record". Archived from the original on 2016-04-17. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
↑ "M60 Series Tank (Patton Series)". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
↑ Jane's Tank Recognition Guide, 1996, ISBN 0-00-470995-0
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 ^7.8 ^7.9 Foss 2005, p. 166
↑ "Basic Issue Plan". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Hunnicutt 1984, pp. 439–443
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Foss, Christopher F., ed. (2005). Jane's Armour and Artillery: 2005–2006 (26th ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, UK; Alexandria, VA:
↑ TM 9-1000-213-35 Direct Support, General Support, and Depot Maintenance Manual for Cannon, 105-mm Gun, M68, Mount, Combination Gun, M116 and M140, and Cupola, Tank Commander's Caliber .50 Machine Gun, M19 Used on: Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A1 W/E (2350-756-8497) and Tank, Combat, Full-tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60 W/E (2300-00-678-5773). Washington, D.C.: Dept. of the Army, 8 July 1975.
↑ Steven J Zaloga, T-62 Main Battle Tank 1965-2005 (London: Osprey Publishing, 2014), p. 14
↑ Lon Nordeen; David C. Isby, M60 Vs T-62: Cold War Combatants, 1956-92 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2010), p. 4
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Steven J. Zaloga, The M47 and M48 Patton Tanks (Oxford: Osprey Military, 1999), p. 10

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[Hunnicutt_1984_p._165-1] Hunnicutt 1984, p. 165

[2] Office, U.S. Government Accountability (6 August 1976). "Increasing Procurement Cost Of M60A1 Tanks". Gao.gov (PSAD-76-153). Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

[auto3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Sabot Publications, M60A2 Main Battle Tank in Detail, Volume 1

[ReferenceC-4] "Taiwan - Congressional Record". Archived from the original on 2016-04-17. Retrieved 2018-10-23.

[fas.org-5] "M60 Series Tank (Patton Series)". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-11.

[Jane.27s_Tank_Recognition_Guide_1996-6] Jane's Tank Recognition Guide, 1996, ISBN 0-00-470995-0

[janes-specs-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 ^7.8 ^7.9 Foss 2005, p. 166

[8] "Basic Issue Plan". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2018.

[Hunnicutt_1984.2C_pp._439.E2.80.93443-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Hunnicutt 1984, pp. 439–443

[Foss.2C_Christopher_F._2005-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Foss, Christopher F., ed. (2005). Jane's Armour and Artillery: 2005–2006 (26th ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, UK; Alexandria, VA:

[Direct_Support_1975-11] TM 9-1000-213-35 Direct Support, General Support, and Depot Maintenance Manual for Cannon, 105-mm Gun, M68, Mount, Combination Gun, M116 and M140, and Cupola, Tank Commander's Caliber .50 Machine Gun, M19 Used on: Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A1 W/E (2350-756-8497) and Tank, Combat, Full-tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60 W/E (2300-00-678-5773). Washington, D.C.: Dept. of the Army, 8 July 1975.

[12] Steven J Zaloga, T-62 Main Battle Tank 1965-2005 (London: Osprey Publishing, 2014), p. 14

[13] Lon Nordeen; David C. Isby, M60 Vs T-62: Cold War Combatants, 1956-92 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2010), p. 4

[Zaloga10-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Steven J. Zaloga, The M47 and M48 Patton Tanks (Oxford: Osprey Military, 1999), p. 10

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