Mary Quant
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Dame Barbara Mary Quant DBE (born 11 February 1934) is a British fashion designer.[1] In 1963, she won the Sunday Times International Fashion Award, and was chosen as Woman of the Year.[2]
Quant is famous as a designer who invented the miniskirt and hot pants. She was also instrumental in the mod fashion movement,[3] and known for her use of pop art in fashion.
Born to Welsh parents in Blackheath, London, Quant went to Blackheath High School, then studied illustration at Goldsmiths College. Her first employment was as a couture milliner (hat maker).
Career
In November 1955, she teamed up with her husband, Alexander Plunket Greene, and a former solicitor, Archie McNair, to open a clothes shop on the Kings Road in Chelsea called Bazaar. Bazaar's best sellers were small white plastic collars to brighten up black dresses or t-shirts. Black stretch stockings were also popular.
Miniskirt
Skirts had been getting shorter since about 1958 – a development Mary Quant thought was practical and liberating, allowing women to run for a bus. The miniskirt, which she is most famous for, became one of the defining fashions of the 1960s.[4] The miniskirt was also developed separately by André Courrèges and John Bates,[5] and there is disagreement as to who came up with the idea first. Like most fashion, the short- and ever-shorter skirt was evolving already among fashion-minded young women: the designers who adapted it just helped spread the style and, in Quant's case, gave it a name. Mary Quant named the miniskirt after her favourite make of car, the Mini.[6] She loved the car so much, she had one designed especially for her.
Undergarments and tights
Quant's first collection of underwear was designed to be worn with the miniskirt look. She renamed the basics "booby traps and bacon savers" (bras and tights), which appealed to her young customers.[7]
In addition to the miniskirt, Mary Quant is often credited with inventing the coloured and patterned tights (pantyhose) that often went with the miniskirt. These are also attributed to Cristobal Balenciaga or John Bates.[5]
Tights worn over briefs or bikini panties were an essential accessory to the miniskirt, because the older method of stockings plus suspenders was no longer suitable, and legs need to be covered for most of the year in Britain. Often there would be a second pair of coloured short pants on top of the tights, for show. A range of materials and colours were used for the tights.
Later career
In the late 1960s, Quant popularised hot pants. Through the 1970s and 1980s she concentrated on household goods and make-up, rather than just her clothing lines. At a talk at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2007 she claimed to have invented duvet covers.
She is a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers, and winner of the Minerva Medal, the Society's highest award. In 1963 Quant was the first winner of the 'Dress of the Year' award.
In 2000 she resigned as director of Mary Quant Ltd., her cosmetics company, after a Japanese buy-out. There are over 200 Mary Quant Colour shops in Japan, where Quant fashions continue to enjoy popularity.
References
- ↑ Mary Quant in Voguepedia. [1]
- ↑ The Woman of the Year is a British Award, founded in 1955; it is now sponsored by Barclays Bank. [2]
- ↑ Mods and Rockers: The Mod movement was antithetical to (opposite, against) the Rocker movement. The Mods and Rockers were two conflicting British youth subcultures of the early-mid 1960s... The rockers adopted a macho biker gang image, wearing clothes such as black leather jackets. The mods adopted a pose of scooter-driving sophistication, wearing suits and other cleancut outfits.
- ↑ Ros Horton, Sally Simmons, 2007. Women who changed the world
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lester, Richard, John Bates: Fashion Designer, London 2008.
- ↑ Barry Miles, 2009. The British Invasion: the music, the times, the era Sterling Publishing Company Inc. 2009
- ↑ Kellog, Ann T. et al. 2002. In an influential fashion. Greenwood, Westport CT. p251/3