Naophangba
Meidingu Naophangba (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Naophangpa) was a Meetei ruler of Ningthouja dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). He is the successor of Naokhamba and the predecessor of Sameiraang. He promulgated a proto-Constitution in 429 AD, which later grew into the Loyumba Shinyen, a written constitution in 1100 AD, during the reign of King Loyumba.[4] He is one of the most outstanding figures in the history of Meitei architecture of Ancient Manipur.[3] He laid the foundation stone of the Kangla, the "Namthak Sarongpung", which is the holiest place to the Manipuri ethnicity.[3] During his reign, the coronation hall in the Kangla was inaugurated and a hog was sacrificed.[3] According to the Loyumba Shinyen, he took command from Mangang Luwang Khuman for the administration of justice in the kingdom.[5] According to the Chakparol, the ten villages of the Chakpas separated during his reign.[6] It was right from his reign that the newcomers (immigrants) were assigned and admitted to the yek salai (clans) and the yumnaks (families) of the Meitei ethnicity.[7] According to the Thengkourol, copper and brass were imported from Burma (Old Manipuri: Awaa Leipak) and China (Old Manipuri: Khaaki Leipak) during his reign.[8]
| Naophangba | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 427 -517 (1825MF-1915MF) | |||||||||
| 427 (1825MF)[1] | |||||||||
| Predecessor | Naokhamba | ||||||||
| Successor | Saameirang | ||||||||
| Spouse | Kaireima of Khuman dynasty and Yaoreibi of Luwang dynasty[2] | ||||||||
| Issue | Sameirang from Kaireima and Thamanglang from Yaoreibi[2] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Royalty | Ningthouja dynasty | ||||||||
| Religion | Meiteism of Sanamahism | ||||||||
| Occupation | Ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) | ||||||||
The first seven kings preceding his reign were sometimes considered divine, but it was right from his era that the rulers were usually regarded as human beings.[9] He is remembered for his emphasis on ethics.[10] Though many Manipuri Muslims claim that their earliest ancestors settled in Manipur right from the reign of Naophangba (5th century AD),[11] the claim is clearly contradicted by the fact that Islam and Muslims first set feet in the Indian subcontinent in Gujarat, extreme Western India in 623 AD (7th century AD).[12]
References
- ↑ George, K. M. (1997). Masterpieces of Indian Literature: Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu & Urdu. National Book Trust. ISBN 978-81-237-1978-8.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ray, Asok Kumar; Chakraborty, Satyabrata (2008). Society, Politics, and Development in North East India: Essays in Memory of Dr. Basudeb Datta Ray. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-572-8.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Sana, Raj Kumar Somorjit (2010). The Chronology of Meetei Monarchs: From 1666 CE to 1850 CE. Waikhom Ananda Meetei. ISBN 978-81-8465-210-9.
- ↑ Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). Manipur: Treatise & Documents. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-399-5.
- ↑ Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). Manipur: Treatise & Documents. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-399-5.
- ↑ Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
- ↑ Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-853-2.
- ↑ Bahadur, Mutua (1988). Jewelleries of Manipur. Mutua Museum.
- ↑ Tensuba, Keerti Chand (1993). Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais. Inter-India Publications. ISBN 978-81-210-0308-7.
- ↑ Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
- ↑ Irene, Salam (2010). The Muslims of Manipur. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-828-4.
- ↑ "Islam in India - Wikipedia". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2021-08-31.