Nemertea
Nemertea is a phylum of invertebrate animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms.[1] Most of the 1,400 or so species are marine, with a few living in fresh water and a small number of terrestrial forms. They live in all marine habitats, and throughout the world's oceans.[2] Alternative spellings for the phylum have included Nemertini and Nemertinea. Rhynchocoela is a name used primarily in North America but gradually abandoned since the 1980s.[3]
| Nemertea | |
|---|---|
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| Parborlasia corrugatus from the Ross Sea | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Subkingdom: | |
| Superphylum: | |
| Phylum: | Nemertea Schultze, 1851
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| Synonyms | |
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Rhyncocoela [1] | |
Anatomy
Nemertean worms are long, thin, animals without segments. They have no true head, although the anterior end is often slightly wider than the body. They are distinguished by the presence of an eversible proboscis. This is kept inside the body, but pushed out to catch prey.
Nemerteans collect food with their proboscis, which is closely associated with the digestive system. At rest, the proboscis is inside a long tube that may take up a considerable portion of the worm's length, lying just above the gut. It is attached to the posterior end of this tube by a muscle that pulls it back inside after feeding. At the anterior end, the tube opens into a small cavity close to the brain, and then to the outside through a pore at the anterior tip of the animal.[3]
Length
Nemerteans range in size from 5mm (0.2 in) to over 30 m (100 ft) long in the case of the European Lineus longissimus, with most species being 20 cm (8 in) or less. There are reports of specimens up to 50 or 60m long, which would make it the longest animal in the world.[4] The longest animal on record is a female blue whale, 29.9m long.[5]
Nemertea Media
Gorgonorhynchus repens discharges sticky proboscis in response to a perceived threat
Amphiporus ochraceus stylet region
A schematic representation of a flame cell and other associated structures
Amphiporus ochraceus brain
The nemertean Geonemertes pelaensis (right) being inspected by a spider, which it then captures.
Lineus longissimus in Grevelingen
A terrestrial nemertean from West Java. The animal is 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) long, of which the anterior 1 centimetre (0.39 in) is visible.
A terrestrial Geonemertes sp. on a rotting log, from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nemertea (TSN 57411). Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ↑ J. Moore & R. Gibson (2001). Nemertea. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. pp. 4 pp. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0001586.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barnes, Robert D. 1982. Invertebrate zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders. 252–262. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- ↑ Kåre Telnes. "Giant ribbon worm". The Marine Fauna Gallery of Norway. Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2007-08-10.
- ↑ "COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus in Canada" (PDF). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-05-21. Retrieved 2010-05-12.