Ohm's law

Ohm's law says that in an electrical circuit, the current passing through a resistor is related to the voltage difference and the electrical resistance between the two sides, as long as the physical conditions and the temperature of the conductor remain constant. Because there are three variables, it can be written in three ways, depending on which variable is placed on the left of the equals sign:

[math]\displaystyle{ I = \frac{V}{R} \quad \text{or}\quad V = IR \quad \text{or} \quad R = \frac{V}{I} }[/math].

Where I is the current in amperes, V is the potential difference in volts, and R is a constant, measured in ohms, called the resistance.

Voltage

Voltage is how much energy is between two points on a circuit. These two points have different charges, one is higher and the other is lower. The difference between these two points of the charge is how we measure the voltage. The unit of “volt” is the name of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who created the first chemical battery.  The letter “V” represents voltage.

Current

Current is how fast the charge is flowing. The higher the charge, the faster the current. Current has to do with electrons flowing in a circuit. Current measures how fast the electrons go. The unit of the current is “ampere,” (often referred to as “amps”). The letter “I” is usually used to represent current, from the French intensité du courant, (current intensity).

Resistance

Resistance is how much the circuit resists the flow of the charge. This makes sure the charge does not flow too fast and damage the components. In a circuit, a light bulb can be a resistor. If electrons flow through the light bulb, then the light bulb will light up. If the resistance is high, then the lamp will be dimmer. The unit of resistance is “Ω”,  which is called omega, and pronounced “ohm”, it is the name of the inventor of Ohm’s law.

How Current, Voltage, and Resistance are related

Current, Voltage, and Resistance are related, which is called “Ohm’s law”. The unit of resistance (also named an "Ohm"), is defined so that “1 Ohm” as the resistance between two points in a conductor where the application of 1 volt will push 1 ampere, or 6.241×10^18 electrons, through. This takes energy, which (depending on the component which the charge is flowing through) is usually lost as heat.

Find all values in the circuit

For example, a scientist knows that the value of the voltage is 20V. Resistance is known, which is in the light bulb, is 10 Ω. Now we need to find the other unknown variable, which is current. The Ohm’s law formula can be used to solve it. With the two known variables, V(voltage) and R(resistance), the only variable left to find is I(current).

20V= 10Ω * I

I = 2A

In a problem, a scientist always gets enough information to solve the other values, the only thing a scientist has to memorize is the Ohm’s law formula. Then it is used with what is given to solve the unknown part. In the example above, the current is 2 amps.

Ohm's Law Media

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  V, I, and R, the parameters of Ohm's law

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  德國物理學家，歐姆

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  Ohm's law in Georg Ohm's lab book.

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  Drude Model electrons (shown here in blue) constantly bounce among heavier, stationary crystal ions (shown in red).

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  Covering the unknown in the Ohm's law image mnemonic gives the formula in terms of the remaining parameters

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  Ohm's law wheel with international unit symbols

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  The I–V curves of four devices: Two resistors, a diode, and a battery. The two resistors follow Ohm's law: The plot is a straight line through the origin. The other two devices do not follow Ohm's law.

Other websites

• "Ohms law calculator | Calculate Voltage power Resistance and Current". Archived from the original on 2019-08-21.
• Online ohm's law calculator Archived 2019-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
• Ohm's Law worksheet on All About Circuits
• Ohm Law Archived 2014-05-13 at the Wayback Machine: Electronics for Beginners
• Calculator - Ohm's law in the DC circuit