Pandya dynasty
The Pandyan kingdom பாண்டியர் was an ancient Tamil state in South India of unknown antiquity. Pandyas were one of the three ancient Tamil kingdoms (Chola and Chera being the other two) who ruled the Tamil country from pre-historic times until end of the 15th century. They ruled initially from Korkai, a sea port on the southern most tip of the Indian peninsula, and in later times moved to Madurai.
Pandyan dynasty | |
|---|---|
| 400 BCE–1618 CE | |
.png) Greatest extent of the Pandya Empire, 13th Century | |
| Capital | |
| Official languages | |
| Religion | |
| Government | Monarchy |
• Around 270 BCE | Nedunjeliyan I (first documented) |
• 560–590 CE | Kadungon (Pandya revival) |
• 1613–1618 CE | Varagunarama |
| Historical era | Medieval era |
• | 400 BCE |
• | 1618 CE |
| Today part of | India Sri Lanka |
Pandya Dynasty Media
- Mangulam inscription (south India).jpg
Mangulam inscription (3rd and 2nd centuries BCE)
- Andal Temple.jpg
Srivilliputhur Andal temple built by Pandyas primarily, is the official emblem of Tamil Nadu.
- A sunrise over Vaigai River in Madurai Tamil Nadu India.jpg
Vaigai River in Madurai
Temple_between_hill_symbols_and_elephant_coin_of_the_Pandyas_Sri_Lanka_1st_century_CE.
- S-TN-71 Vettuvan Koil Tuticorin.jpg
Vettuvan Koil, Kalugumalai, Tuticorin. Pandya kingdom, 8th century CE
- FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg
Four Armed Vishnu, Pandya Dynasty, 8-9th Century
- The Hindu Saint Manikkavacakar LACMA AC1997.16.1 (1 of 12).jpg
India, Tamil Nadu, early 12th century*Sculpture*Copper alloy*Gift of the 1997 Collectors Committee (AC1997.16.1)*South and Southeast Asian Art
- Jaina abode Kalugumalai.JPG
This is from Kalugumalai which has many rock cut Jain sculptures.
- South India in 12th century AD.jpg
Pandya country in the Chola Empire (12th century)
- An aerial view of Madurai city from atop of Meenakshi Amman temple.jpg
An aerial view of Madurai city from Meenakshi Temple
References
- ↑ "Classical Indo-Roman Trade". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (26–27). 2015-06-05.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Karashima, Noburu (2014). "The Fall of the Old States". In Karashima, Noburu (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 173–74.
- ↑ Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. p. 46. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
Kings of the Chola and Pandya dynasties also issued Tamil and bilingual Tamil inscriptions.
- ↑ C. Sivaramamurti (1977). L'Art en Inde. H. N. Abrams. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8109-0630-3.
Thus the state language was whether the inscriptions were from the north or the south and whether the dynasty was Gupta, Vakatak[a], Vardhana, Maukhari, Pratihara, Paramara, Chandella, Pala, Sena, Gahadavala, Haihaya, Ganga, Pallava, Chola, Pandya, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, or Vijayanagar[a]. Inscriptions were sometimes written in regional languages, but they invariably had a preface in Sanskrit.
- ↑ Thapar, Romila. "India – Society and Culture (8th–13th century)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
- ↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (b). ISBN 0226742210. Archived from the original on 2021-02-24. Retrieved 2024-09-08.