Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe[1] is a NASA robotic space probe heading towards the outer corona of the Sun.[2][3][4] It will reach to within 8.86 solar radii (6.2 million kilometers or 3.85 million miles) from the "surface" of the Sun and is currently the fastest spacecraft ever built[5] and will travel, at closest approach, as fast as 700,000 km/h (430,000 mph).[6]
Overview
It was launched on August 12, 2018.[7] This was the first time a NASA spacecraft was named after a living person, honoring physicist Eugene Parker.[8]
A memory card having the names of over 1.1 million people was mounted on a plaque and installed below the spacecraft’s high-gain antenna on May 18, 2018.[9]
The card also contains photos of Parker, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, and a copy of his 1958 scientific paper.
Special Material Technology
Because of how close the probe will be to the Sun, it will experience very high temperatures. To make sure that the probe is not damaged by the hot environment, engineers had to design a special shield to protect the sensitive components on the probe. The shield is made up of five layers.[10] The outermost layer is a white ceramic layer which reflects away the Sun's rays. By reflecting the rays away, it prevents the shield from heating up too much. The second layer is a barrier layer which connects the ceramic layer to the middle layer. The middle layer is a carbon-carbon sheet which is very light and strong. This helps keep the shield in one piece. The fourth layer is a carbon foam which is very light and does not conduct heat well. This again helps with keeping the temperature low. The fifth and final layer is a second carbon sheet which makes the entire shield rigid enough for spaceflight.
Since the probe was launched from a rocket, it was very important to minimize its weight. If it was too heavy, the rocket would not be able to launch it far enough to complete its mission. Because of the well engineered materials in the shield, the entire shield only weighs 73 kg. That is about the same weight as an average adult human.
Parker Solar Probe Media
Animation of Parker Solar Probe trajectory
An apparent size of the Sun as seen from the Parker Solar Probe at perihelion compared to its apparent size seen from Earth
Schematic view of all PSP's instruments
Parker Solar Probe 3D model
Launch of the Parker Solar Probe in 2018
Artist's rendition of the Parker Solar Probe approaching the Sun
The second flyby of Venus on December 26, 2019. The velocity decreases by 2.9 km/s to 26 km/s (red circle), shifting the spacecraft to a new orbit closer to the Sun.
PSP observed switchbacks — traveling disturbances in the solar wind that caused the magnetic field to bend back on itself.
NASA animation of the Probe passing through the Sun's stellar corona. Inside the boundary at the corona's edge, its Alfvén critical surface, plasma connects to the Sun by waves traveling back and forth to the surface.
PSP during extensive environmental testing.
As the probe passed through the Sun's corona in early 2021, it flew by structures called coronal streamers
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References
- ↑ Clark, Stuart (July 22, 2018). "Parker Solar Probe: set the controls for the edge of the sun...". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/22/parker-solar-probe-set-the-controls-for-the-edge-of-the-sun.
- ↑ Chang, Kenneth (August 11, 2018). "NASA Delays Parker Solar Probe Launch". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/science/parker-solar-probe-launch.html. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Chang, Kenneth (May 31, 2017). "Newly Named NASA Spacecraft Will Aim Straight for the Sun". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/science/nasa-parker-solar-probe-sun.html. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
- ↑ Applied Physics Laboratory (November 19, 2008). "Feasible Mission Designs for Solar Probe Plus to Launch in 2015, 2016, 2017, or 2018" (PDF). Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original (.PDF) on April 18, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Tony Phillips (June 10, 2010). "NASA Plans to Visit the Sun". NASA. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
- ↑ Garner, Rob (August 9, 2018). "Parker Solar Probe: Humanity's First Visit to a Star". NASA. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ↑ Chang, Kenneth (August 12, 2018). "Parker Solar Probe Launches on NASA Voyage to 'Touch the Sun'". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/11/science/parker-solar-probe-launch.html. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
- ↑ "NASA Renames Solar Probe Mission to Honor Pioneering Physicist Eugene Parker". NASA. May 31, 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
- ↑ NASA's Solar Parker Probe To Carry Over 1.1 Million Names To The Sun. https://headlinestoday.org/science/1402/nasas-solar-parker-probe-to-carry-over-1-1-million-names-to-the-sun/. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ↑ "How NASA will shield solar probe from crazy heat | EarthSky.org". earthsky.org. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 2020-11-29.