Primitive communism
Primitive communism is a term that was used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to describe hunter-gatherer societies and how they shared resources among each other.[1][2][3] Primitive means in the early stages of development, so primitive communism is an early form of communism.
Traits
In a primitive communist society, there is no extra stuff for people to hoard. Things like food and housing are shared equally among all members of the community.[4][5][6][7] There is no such thing as money. Instead, everyone in a primitive communist society has to help get food. There is no authoritarianism and no concept of a state.[8] Instead, everyone has an equal say in what goes on in the society. This is called egalitarianism.
Agriculture led to the creation of the private ownership of land. The extra food that could be grown meant that some people did not have to work to get food. These people started to get other jobs and that led to the creation of social class. This is when people started thinking that some jobs were more important than others, and people began to perform slavery.
Marxism
Marx and Engels got the idea of primitive communism from the American anthropologist, named Lewis H. Morgan. Morgan did a lot of research on the Iroquois people, who lived in big groups and shared everything that they grew, hunted, and gathered.[9] Marx and Engels thought that the Iroquois lived in a society that had communist traits.
Primitive Communism Media
Venus figurine found in the Kostyonki–Borshchyovo archaeological complex, Russia
Çatalhöyük after the first excavations
Rundale clachan patterns of settlement still visible in Inver, Kilcommon, Erris, County Mayo, Ireland
A detail from Benjamin West's heroic, neoclassical history painting, The Death of General Wolfe (1771), depicting an idealized indigenous American. An example of the romanticisation of indigenous and non-Western people.
References
- ↑ A Dictionary of Sociology (in en) (2007). USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860987-2.
- ↑ Introductory Guide to Critical Theory - Modules on Marx: On the Stages of Economic Development' (in en) (1 January 2011)Purdue University. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ↑ The Blackwell Dictionary of Political Science (in en) (August 1999)Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 978-0-631-20695-8.
- ↑ Locating primitive communism in capitalist social formations (in en). Dialectical Anthropology 40 (3) (September 2016). p. 259–266. doi:10.1007/s10624-016-9431-8.
- ↑ World Civilizations: The Global Experience (in en) (2004)Pearson. ISBN 9780321164254.
- ↑ Economic evolution, diversity of societies and stages of economic development: A critique of theories applied to hunters and gatherers and their successors (in en). Cogent Economics & Finance 4 (1) (2016). doi:10.1080/23322039.2016.1161322.
- ↑ Marx's Temporalities (in en) (9 November 2012)Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-23679-0.
- ↑ Man the Hunter (in en) (1969)Aldine Transaction. ISBN 978-0-202-33032-7.
- ↑ Morgan, Lewis H.. Contributions to North American Ethnology, Volume IV: Houses and house life of the American aborigines. Monograph (1881). doi:10.3133/70039925.