Propane

[4]

Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8. It is an alkane with three carbon atoms. It is used in fuels.

Propane
Propane-2D-Skeletal.svg
PropaneFull.png
Propane-3D-balls-B.png
Propane-3D-vdW-B.png
Identifiers
CAS number 74-98-6
PubChem 6334
EC number 200-827-9
KEGG D05625
ChEBI CHEBI:32879
RTECS number TX2275000
SMILES CCC
Beilstein Reference 1730718
Gmelin Reference 25044
Properties
Molecular formula C3H8
Molar mass 44.1 g mol-1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa)
Melting point

-188 °C, 85.5 K, -306 °F

Boiling point
Solubility in water 47 mg⋅L−1 (at 0 °C)
log P 2.236
Vapor pressure 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F))
kH 15 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1
−40.5 × 10−6 cm3/mol
Dipole moment 0.083 D[2]
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation
ΔfHo298
−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion
ΔcHo298
−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C 73.60 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704

NFPA 704.svg

4
2
0
 
Explosive limits 2.37–9.5%
U.S. Permissible
exposure limit (PEL)
TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)[3]
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

It begins to burn very quickly. Its melting temperature is −187.7 °C; its boiling temperature is −42 °C; its density is 1.83 g/l.

Propane is extracted from natural gasoline or from petroleum.

Propane Media

Sources

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
  2. Lide, David R., Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane". J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5): 1514–1518. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1514L. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.
  3. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0524". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. "PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov.