Propane
Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8. It is an alkane with three carbon atoms. It is used in fuels.
| Propane | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
 |
Propane[1] | |
Tricarbane (never recommended[1]) | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| EC number | 200-827-9 |
| KEGG | D05625 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:32879 |
| RTECS number | TX2275000 |
| SMILES | CCC |
| Beilstein Reference | 1730718 |
| Gmelin Reference | 25044 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C3H8 |
| Molar mass | 44.1 g mol-1 |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa) |
| Melting point |
-188 °C, 85.5 K, -306 °F |
| Boiling point | |
| Solubility in water | 47 mg⋅L−1 (at 0 °C) |
| log P | 2.236 |
| Vapor pressure | 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)) |
| kH | 15 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1 |
| −40.5 × 10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Dipole moment | 0.083 D[2] |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol−1 |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity, C | 73.60 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 |
4
2
0
|
| Explosive limits | 2.37–9.5% |
| U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)[3] |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
It begins to burn very quickly. Its melting temperature is −187.7 °C; its boiling temperature is −42 °C; its density is 1.83 g/l.
Propane is extracted from natural gasoline or from petroleum.
Propane Media
A 20 lb (9.1 kg) steel propane cylinder. This cylinder is fitted with an overfill prevention device (OPD) valve, as evidenced by the trilobular handwheel.
Pyrometry of a propane flame using thin-filament velocimetry. The hottest parts of the flame are in a hollow cone-shaped area near its base and pointing upward.* >1,750 K (1,480 °C)* 1,700 K (1,430 °C)* 1,600 K (1,330 °C)* 1,350 K (1,080 °C)* 1,100 K (830 °C)* 875 K (602 °C)* 750 K (477 °C)
Temperature–density curve for liquid/vapor propane
Domestic spherical steel pressure vessel for propane storage.
Sources
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
- ↑ Lide, David R., Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane". J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5): 1514–1518. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1514L. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.
- ↑ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0524". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. "PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov.
