Ralph Steinman
Ralph Marvin Steinman (January 14, 1943 – September 30, 2011) was a Canadian immunologist and cell biologist at Rockefeller University. He studied a kind of cell in the immune system and called them dendritic cells. He made these discoveries while working in the laboratory of Zanvil A. Cohn.[3] He was of Jewish descent.[4]
Ralph Steinman | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | January 14, 1943 |
| Died | September 30, 2011 (aged 68)[1] |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Citizenship | Canadian |
| Alma mater | McGill University Harvard University |
| Known for | Discovery of dendritic cells and its role in adaptive immunity |
| Awards | 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (posthumous) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Immunology and cell biology |
| Institutions | Rockefeller University, New York City |
| Academic advisors | Elizabeth Hay (Harvard) James G. Hirsch and Zanvil A. Cohn (Rockefeller University)[2] |
On October 3, 2011, the Nobel Committee announced that Steinman had received one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for "his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity". The other half went to Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann, for "their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity".[5] However, the committee did not know that Steinman had died three days earlier, on September 30, from pancreatic cancer. The committee considered what to do about Steinman's prize, since the rule is that the prize is not awarded posthumously.[6][7]
The committee later decided that, as the decision to award the prize "was made in good faith", they would not change the award.[8]
Steinman's daughter said that he had joked the previous week with his family about hanging on until the prize announcement. Steinman said: "I know I have got to hold out for that. They don't give it to you if you have passed away. I got to hold out for that".[9]
Steinman had received numerous other awards and recognitions for his life-long work on dendritic cells, such as the Albert Lasker Award (2007), the Gairdner Foundation International Award (2003), and the Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award (1998). In addition, he was made a member of Institute of Medicine (U.S.A.; elected 2002) and the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.; elected 2001).
References
- ↑ "Rockefeller University scientist Ralph Steinman, honored today with Nobel Prize for discovery of dendritic cells, dies at 68". Rockefeller University. October 3, 2011. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ Steinman RM, Cohn ZA (1973). "Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution". J. Exp. Med. 137 (5): 1142–62. doi:10.1084/jem.137.5.1142. PMC 2139237. PMID 4573839.
- ↑ "www.ascb.org" (PDF).
- ↑ Nobel Foundation (October 3, 2011). "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011". Press release. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/press.html.
- ↑ Nobel winner died days before award announced. CNN. October 3, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/03/health/nobel-prize/index.html?hpt=he_c2. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ↑ Montreal-born scientist dies before Nobel honour. CBC News. October 3, 2011. http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2011/10/03/nobel-prize-medicine.html. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ↑ "Ralph Steinman remains Nobel Laureate". The Nobel Foundation. October 3, 2011. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Nobel jury left red faced by death of laureate". Archived from the original on 2014-07-16. Retrieved 2018-04-01.