Shock (circulatory)
A person is in shock when blood is not sufficient to bring oxygen to the brain. The shock is progressive and can be deadly if it is not quickly made well.
| Shock | |
|---|---|
| File:US Navy 120203-N-CD652-004 U.S. Naval Hospital Guantanamo Bay emergency technician (EMT) trainees work with Naval Station Guantanamo Bay firemen to.jpg | |
| US Navy EMT trainees and firemen using IV fluid replacement in treating a trauma training mannequin to prevent hypovolemic shock | |
| Symptoms | Initial: Weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, increased thirst[1] Later: Confusion, unconsciousness, cardiac arrest[1] |
| Types | Low volume, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive[2] |
| Causes | Low volume: Severe bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, or pancreatitis[1] Cardiogenic: severe heart attack (especially of the left or right ventricles), severe heart failure, cardiac contusion[1] Obstructive: Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax[1] Distributive: Sepsis, spinal cord injury, certain overdoses[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, physical exam, laboratory tests[2] |
| Treatment | Based on the underlying cause[2] |
| Medication | Intravenous fluid, vasopressors[2] |
| Prognosis | Risk of death 20 to 50%[3] |
| Frequency | 1.2 million per year (US)[3] |
The normal first aid action is the Trendelenburg position, the person is lying face upward, with legs lifted. The blood is forced to flow to the brain.
Shock (circulatory) Media
- Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.svg
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. References and further description is found at: en:Anaphylaxis#Signs and symptoms
- Shock-cell2.svg
Effects of inadequate perfusion on cell function
- Epipen.jpg
Old version of the Epinephrine auto-injector
- Sepsis mortality.png
graphic of mortality associate with sepsis
References
| Classification | |
|---|---|
| External resources |
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