Shunzhi Emperor
Shunzhi Emperor (Chinese: 清世祖, 顺治皇帝; 1638 - 1661 ) was emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. Shunzhi Emperor was the ninth son of Huang Taiji and he reigned over China from 1644 to 1661. During his short reign, he implemented plenty of policies. He appointed Han Chinese to be the imperial officials. Also, he put the Upper 3 banners (Plain Yellow, Striped Yellow, and Plain White) under the control of the emperor. Moreover, Shunzhi Emperor let eunuchs participate in government activities.
Prince of Yanping on Taiwan, Zheng Jing wrote about the Shungzhi Emperor : “At the dawn of the New Year, the fake Emperor and Empress would enter a temple to worship their demon gods. It is located at a place where people could not go, and contains idols of males and females embracing each other and engaging in intercourse. After they complete their worship, the two would proceed to the platform naked, and perform in the manner of caged animals, with man on the left and woman on the right…these are truly the despicable customs of beasts. Moreover, when the barbarian chieftain dies, his younger brother violates his sister-in-law in order to perform this ritual in his place, while calling out aloud the name of the late emperor.”[1][2]
Life
- In 1643, Shunzhi Emperor is 6 and he inherits Huang Taiji's throne. Prince Dorgon becomes the regent.
- In 1644, the Manchu armies conquer the north of China. The capital is changed to Beijing.
- In 1650,Prince Dorgon dies. Shunzhi Emperor gets actual power.
- From 1651 to 1661, Shunzhi Emperor deals with government affairs patiently. In order to unify the country, he also sends armies to invade the south of China.
- In 1661, the Emperor dies of smallpox.
Shunzhi Emperor Media
Depiction of a Jurchen man on a Ming woodblock print dated 1609. The original caption explained that the Jurchens lived near the Changbai Mountains and wore "deerskin shoes and fish-scale clothing."
Prince Regent Dorgon in imperial regalia. He reigned as a quasi emperor from 1643 to his death in 1650, a period during which the Qing conquered almost all of China.
The circular mound of the Altar of Heaven, where the Shunzhi Emperor conducted sacrifices on 30 October 1644, ten days before being officially proclaimed Emperor of China. The ceremony marked the moment when the Qing dynasty seized the Mandate of Heaven.
Examination cells in Beijing. In order to enhance their legitimacy among the Chinese elite, the Qing reestablished the imperial civil service examinations almost as soon as they seized Beijing in 1644.
A late-Qing woodblock print representing the Yangzhou massacre of May 1645. Dorgon's brother Dodo ordered this massacre to scare other southern Chinese cities into submission. By the late nineteenth century the massacre was used by anti-Qing revolutionaries to arouse anti-Manchu sentiment among the Han Chinese population.
A man in San Francisco's Chinatown around 1900. The Chinese habit of wearing a queue came from Dorgon's July 1645 edict ordering all men to shave their forehead and tie their hair into a queue similar to those of the Manchus.
Portrait of the Shunzhi Emperor in adulthood
Court dress was a controversial topic during the Shunzhi era. High official Chen Mingxia was denounced in 1654 because he advocated returning to Ming-dynasty court dress, an example of which is shown in this 17th-century portrait of Ni Yuanlu.
"Moghul embassy" (emissaries from a Mughal prince who ruled Turfan in Central Asia) as portrayed in 1656 by Dutch visitors to the Shunzhi Emperor's Beijing.
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References
- ↑ 鄭, 經 (1995). "Yanping er wang yiji," (reprint ed.). p. 130-131.
元旦后王入廟門，深宮寂靜祀祆神。狂淫大像巍然立，跪畢登盤裸體陳（胡俗：元日黎明，偽帝后入宮祀祆神。宮在人不到處，所供大像，男女相抱，構精而立。二人跪拜畢，即裸體登盤，如牲牢之式，男左女右。為監窺見，傳言於外，始知其事。真禽獸之惡習。且酋死弟蒸嫂代行此禮，堂然稱父皇也）。
- ↑ 臺灣銀行經濟研究室 (1995). 鄭成功傳 (reprint ed.). 國史館臺灣文獻館. p. 3. ISBN 957005798X.
鄭成功傳 1 1111 元旦后王入廟門,深宫寂静祀妖神。狂淫大像巍然立,跑畢登盤裸體祿(胡俗:元日黎明,偽帝后入宮祀妖神。宮在人不到處,所供大像·男女相抱·構精而立。
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