Sleep deprivation

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Sleep deprivation
SymptomsFatigue, eye bags, poor memory, irritable mood, weight gain
ComplicationsCar and work accidents, weight gain, cardiovascular disease
CausesInsomnia, sleep apnea, stimulants (caffeine, amphetamine), voluntary imposition (school, work), mood disorders
TreatmentCognitive behavioral therapy, caffeine (to induce alertness), sleeping pills
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommendations for the amount of sleep needed decrease with age.[1] While sleep quantity is important, good sleep quality is also essential to avoid sleep disorders.[1]

Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency or sleeplessness, is the condition of not having enough sleep.

The condition affects the brain and its cognitive function. The condition can be either chronic or acute. Sleep deprivation can be used to treat certain disorders, such as clinical depression. Sleep deprivation has also been used as a form of torture. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. Sleep deficiency may be caused by other sleep disorders or medical conditions. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Other medical or mental health problems, such as pain or general anxiety disorder, can interfere with the quality and quantity of sleep.[2]

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AjhYtovp7I4XvDgFn7lurVMIYsL3RpCBcroLXqApp80AIKnG0wxeQAIaYlDEb7K5dbn/bRhLQ2fP 3aOrTZT05RhEt0ooVjHIL8liFrlgPBpNEYixJSYlLtm77qw6JQThpSKJUEYU/PAlSHwe9M8DBi6+ oXuK3FsxFbm87ekNCD/gAhrfIMczkBG74h94ivAhSBsr4YhvrGEFT8jDKILvQWD4IQ/a/75V/pAF /SjDxisQxTyYUYxKVEIShni/ISzxnMeswRSJBT/+87/OXOjh0mkDxzwUi7GQwzcMg4axlv4loAIu IAM2oAM+IARGoAROIAVWoAVeIAZmoAZuIAd2oAd+IAiGoAiOIAmWoAmeIAqmoAquIAu2oAu+IAzG oAzOIA3WoA3eIA7moA7uIA/2oAoGBAA7" on element <image> can't be opened because: URL data in unsupported format or corrupt at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:228) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.image.ImageTranscoder.transcode(ImageTranscoder.java:92) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.XMLAbstractTranscoder.transcode(XMLAbstractTranscoder.java:142) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:158) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.SVGConverter.transcode(SVGConverter.java:1008) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.SVGConverter.execute(SVGConverter.java:719) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.Main.execute(Main.java:956) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.Main.main(Main.java:1009) Caused by: org.apache.batik.bridge.BridgeException: file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_cbff3eeef1bd4e6802d3629e/Effects_of_sleep_deprivation.svg:0 The URI "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhvgCnAPcAAAAAADMcDD0dFDciDjwlFT8yIUQlDkYoFUozGVssHVY1HUkqIko0JVQrI1sp NFc3J1g6M3kbKWsnJ2cuNmY2Jmc4NnMrKnsnNXM9L3k3OW06Q3c8QlpEK1pHNl9QP2ZFLWZJN2ZT OH5KInVHN3RUO15WR2hIQmpURmxcUXhJSH1MUHdWR3dZU29nSW1lXXxiSXlmV3txWXpsZHxxZ4ck OIc1OpIsPpM4O4cuQYc4QpkrQpU5RqU0S4FOJ4dHPIdTK4NVO5FHPZFdNo5gO6FiPIhFR4dPVIhY SYdaVpVISJVMVZhYSppVVoZfYIhlSoZpWIhyW5hnS5hoVp9zT5hzWohqY4p2Zod6c5VtZJd4Z5d7 c6JJRqNHVaVYSqRXVrdLXLRaVrpdZqdoS6lpV6p2T6h2WbBjS7RnXbR3WKloZKhvcKZ5Z6V8crVr Zrlsc7V3Zbd5dM9Sb8BiZc1jdcN8ach2dMV8gIyDY46BeJqDapqHeZ6Sf6uCW7yCXaeDaaeHdqmS erqGaLaJdr2RbruTesCBXd+OUcaKaMeKdcqSbMiWedaMatOJd9eUa9aZd8qhfdeje+OOVuuQXuCO 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Main health effects of sleep deprivation.
Minor dark circles, in addition to a hint of eye bags, a combination suggestive of minor sleep deprivation.

Generally, sleep deprivation may result in:[3][4][5]

Causes

There are many reasons why a person may not get enough sleep. Examples include:

  • shift work
  • meeting deadlines
  • a sleeping environment that is noisy or not the right temperature
  • using electronic devices, like a phone, close to bedtime or keeping them in the bedroom
  • medical problems, such as depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain
  • caring for another person during the night

Types of Sleep Deprivation

Sleep deprivation and sleep insufficiency may be categorised in different ways depending on a person’s circumstances.

  1. Acute sleep deprivation refers to a short period, usually a few days or less, when a person has a significant reduction in their sleep time.
  2. Chronic sleep deprivation, also known as insufficient sleep syndrome, is defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine as curtailed sleep that persists for three months or longer.
  3. Chronic sleep deficiency or insufficient sleep can describe ongoing sleep deprivation as well as poor sleep that occurs because of sleep fragmentation or other disruptions.

Sleep Deprivation Media

  • REM sleep deprivation causes swollen mitochondria in neurons (caused by cytochrome c); noradrenaline receptor blockers keep their inner cristae intact.

  • Molecular pathway of REM sleep deprivation-induced apoptosis in neurons

  • This diagram shows how caffeine affects the different areas of the body, both positively and negatively.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 How Much Sleep Do I Need?. CDC.gov (14 September 2022)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  2. ↑ Jones, Alice. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Problems (in en-US) (2019-06-26). Retrieved 2021-09-12.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Sleep deprivation. betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Read, Bryan F.. Sleep Deprivation. St. Paul's School for Girls, Brooklandville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ Consequences of sleep deprivation (in en-AU). Sleep Education. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
  6. ↑ Morin, Charles M.. Insomnia (2003). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ.. p. 28 death. ISBN 978-0-306-47750-8.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke – Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. ninds.nih.gov
  8. ↑ Jones, Dylan M.. Handbook of Human Performance (1992). London: Acad. Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-12-650352-4.
  9. ↑ The Human Brain – Sleep and Stress (27 September 2007)Fi.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Harvard Heart Letter examines the costs of not getting enough sleep – Harvard Health Publications (31 May 2012)Health.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  11. ↑ The Role of Magnesium in FibromyalgiaWeb.mit.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  12. ↑ Citek, K. Nystagmus testing in intoxicated individuals. Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.) 74 (11) (2003). p. 695–710. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
  13. ↑ Engel, Jerome. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook (2008)Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-7817-5777-5.
  14. ↑ T A Wehr. Sleep-loss as a possible mediator of diverse causes of mania. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science 159 (4) (1991-10-01)Bjp.rcpsych.org. p. 576–578. doi:10.1192/bjp.159.4.576. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
  15. ↑ Neural Link Between Sleep Loss And Psychiatric Disorders Archived 2009-02-28 at the Wayback Machine. ts-si.org (24 October 2007)
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