Sundanese language
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| Sundanese | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basa Sunda ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ بَاسَا سُوْندَا | ||||
| Pronunciation | /ba.sa sʊn.da/ | |||
| Native to | Java, Indonesia | |||
| Region | West Java, Banten, Jakarta, parts of western Central Java, southern Lampung, also spoken by the Sundanese diaspora in Indonesia and throughout the world. | |||
| Ethnicity |
| |||
| Native speakers | 42 million (2016)[1] | |||
| Language family | Austronesian
| |||
| Early forms: | Old Sundanese
| |||
| Standard forms | ||||
| Dialects | ||||
| Writing system | Latin script (present) Sundanese script (present; optional) Old Sundanese script (14-18th centuries AD, present; optional) Sundanese Cacarakan script (17-19th centuries AD, present; certain areas) Sundanese Pégon script (17-20th centuries AD, present; religious use only) Buda Script (13-15th centuries AD, present; optional) Kawi script (historical) Pallava (historical) Pranagari (historical) Vatteluttu (historical) | |||
| Official status | ||||
| Regulated by | Lembaga Basa Jeung Sastra Sunda | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | su | |||
| ISO 639-2 | sun | |||
| ISO 639-3 | Variously: sun – Sundanese bac – Baduy Sundanese osn – Old Sundanese | |||
| Linguasphere | 31-MFN-a | |||
Areas where Sundanese is a majority native language
Areas where Sundanese is a minority language with >100,000 speakers Areas where Sundanese is a minority language with <100,000 speakers | ||||
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Sundanese (/sʌndəˈniːz/[2]) is a Malayo-Polynesian language. It is spoken by the Sundanese people.
Writing
Sundanese is written with the Latin script, Sundanese script, or Pegon script. The Sundanese script is based on the Old Sundanese script. It was introduced in 1997.[3] Pegon is based on the Arabic alphabet.[4]
Phonology
Vowels
Sundanese has seven vowels.[5]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |
| Mid | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |
| Open | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |||
Consonants
Sundanese has eighteen consonants. There are also consonants such as /f/ and /q/ that are only used in loanwords.[5]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |
| voiced | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||
| Fricative | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||||
| Lateral | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |||||
| Trill | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |||||
| Approximant | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||||
Sundanese Language Media
A Sundanese speaker, recorded in Indonesia.
Linguistic map of West Java, Banten, Western part of Central Java and Jakarta.
References
- ↑ Muamar, Aam (2016-08-08). "Mempertahankan Eksistensi Bahasa Sunda" (in id). Pikiran Rakyat. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/surat-pembaca/2016/08/08/mempertahankan-eksistensi-bahasa-sunda-376782. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
- ↑ Bauer, Laurie. The Linguistics Student's Handbook (2007). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- ↑ Atlas of Endangered Alphabets: Indigenous and minority writing systems, and the people who are trying to save them.. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ↑ Qurtuby, Sumanto Al. Language, Islam, and Muslim societies: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 32 (2) (4 August 2022). p. 276–287. doi:10.1075/japc.00080.qur.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Müller-Gotama, Franz. Sundanese. Languages of the World. Materials 369 (2001). Munich: LINCOM Europa.