Sundanese language
Sundanese (/sʌndəˈniːz/[2]) is a Malayo-Polynesian language. It is spoken by the Sundanese people.
| Sundanese | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basa Sunda ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ بَاسَا سُوْندَا | ||||
| Pronunciation | /ba.sa sʊn.da/ | |||
| Native to | Java, Indonesia | |||
| Region | West Java, Banten, Jakarta, parts of western Central Java, southern Lampung, also spoken by the Sundanese diaspora in Indonesia and throughout the world. | |||
| Ethnicity |
| |||
| Native speakers | 42 million (2016)[1] | |||
| Language family | Austronesian
| |||
| Early forms: | Old Sundanese
| |||
| Standard forms | ||||
| Dialects | ||||
| Writing system | Latin script (present) Sundanese script (present; optional) Old Sundanese script (14-18th centuries AD, present; optional) Sundanese Cacarakan script (17-19th centuries AD, present; certain areas) Sundanese Pégon script (17-20th centuries AD, present; religious use only) Buda Script (13-15th centuries AD, present; optional) Kawi script (historical) Pallava (historical) Pranagari (historical) Vatteluttu (historical) | |||
| Official status | ||||
| Regulated by | Lembaga Basa Jeung Sastra Sunda | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | su | |||
| ISO 639-2 | sun | |||
| ISO 639-3 | Variously: sun – Sundanese bac – Baduy Sundanese osn – Old Sundanese | |||
| Linguasphere | 31-MFN-a | |||
Areas where Sundanese is a majority native language
Areas where Sundanese is a minority language with >100,000 speakers Areas where Sundanese is a minority language with <100,000 speakers | ||||
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Writing
Sundanese is written with the Latin script, Sundanese script, or Pegon script. The Sundanese script is based on the Old Sundanese script. It was introduced in 1997.[3] Pegon is based on the Arabic alphabet.[4]
Phonology
Vowels
Sundanese has seven vowels.[5]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |
| Mid | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |
| Open | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |||
Consonants
Sundanese has eighteen consonants. There are also consonants such as /f/ and /q/ that are only used in loanwords.[5]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |
| voiced | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||
| Fricative | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||||
| Lateral | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |||||
| Trill | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | |||||
| Approximant | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA symbol/data' not found. | ||||
Sundanese Language Media
A Sundanese speaker, recorded in Indonesia.
Linguistic map of West Java, Banten, Western part of Central Java and Jakarta.
References
- ↑ Muamar, Aam (2016-08-08). "Mempertahankan Eksistensi Bahasa Sunda" (in id). Pikiran Rakyat. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/surat-pembaca/2016/08/08/mempertahankan-eksistensi-bahasa-sunda-376782. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
- ↑ Bauer, Laurie (2007). The Linguistics Student's Handbook. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- ↑ "Atlas of Endangered Alphabets: Indigenous and minority writing systems, and the people who are trying to save them". Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ↑ Qurtuby, Sumanto Al (4 August 2022). "Language, Islam, and Muslim societies: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication. 32 (2): 276–287. doi:10.1075/japc.00080.qur. S2CID 248286525.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Müller-Gotama, Franz (2001). Sundanese. Languages of the World. Materials. Vol. 369. Munich: LINCOM Europa.