Surgery
Surgery is an operation that involves cutting, taking out, changing or fixing parts of the human body. Doctors who do surgeries are called surgeons. Many surgeons are experts in certain areas; for example brain or heart or eye surgery. One who operates on bones is an orthopaedic surgeon.
Surgery (operations) can be simple, like taking a tooth out. Surgery can also be complicated, like repairing a damaged heart.
Operating rooms have to be very clean places. The doctors and nurses go to great lengths to keep the room clean where the surgery is done. Regular cleaning of the room and its tools keeps everything clean and germ-free.
Everyone in the operating room must wear special clothes, hats, shoes, gowns, gloves and masks that are clean and germ free. The only people allowed there are the doctors and nurses as well as the patient.
When people have operations they are normally put to sleep with general anaesthesia. When the patients are asleep, they cannot feel anything. In some kinds of surgery local anesthesia (stopping the pain in the place where the cutting is done) is enough.
In recent years, many patients that cannot get the required surgery in their own country, or find the costs too high, travel to another country for medical care. This is called medical tourism.
Surgery Media
Surgery underway at the Red Cross Hospital in Tampere, Finland during the 1918 Finnish Civil War.
Plates VI and VII of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, an Egyptian surgical treatise
Bust of Hippocrates, who advocated for surgery to be performed by specialists.
Illuminated miniature of 12th-century eye surgery in Italy
Ambroise Paré (c. 1510–1590), father of modern military surgery.
Joseph Lister, pioneer of antiseptic surgery
John Syng Dorsey wrote the first American textbook on surgery
An operation in 1753, painted by Gaspare Traversi.
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