Thiamine
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 Skeletal formula and ball-and-stick model of the cation in thiamine | |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈθaɪ.əmɪn/ ( listen) THY-ə-min |
| Synonyms | Vitamin B1, aneurine, thiamin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration | by mouth, IV, IM[1] |
| Drug class | vitamin |
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| Bioavailability | 3.7% to 5.3% Template:Medical citation needed |
| Elimination half-life | 1.8d[2][better source needed] |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H17N4OS+ |
| Molar mass | 265.36 g·mol−1 |
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Thiamine (or thiamin) is vitamin B1.[3] Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin in the vitamin B complex. It takes a part in breaking down food and releasing energy from it. Thiamine also has a role in keeping the nervous system healthy.[4] Its phosphate derivatives take part in many cellular processes. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme in the catabolism of sugars and amino acids. In the body it is held in water as a solute.
It can be found in Food and Manufactured dietary supplements, and in medications[1][5] Foods that provide Thiamine include whole grains and legumes.[1]
The human body cannot store thiamine for later use. It needs to be eaten every day, but thiamine from the diet is usually enough in most people.[4] Men need thiamine more than women but sex is not a big factor. In adults between the ages of 19-64, men need 1mg of thiamine and women need 0.8mg.[4]
Lack of thiamine (vitamin B1 deficiency) causes beriberi.[6]
Sources (diet)
Dietary thiamine is usually enough in most people. A balanced diet contains enough daily vitamin B1. Examples of foods high in thiamine include:[4]
- peas
- fresh fruits (like bananas and oranges)
- nuts, like macadamia nuts, pistachios, and brazil nuts
- liver, except in pregnant women[4]
- in some countries, cereals and flour are fortified with niacin. fortified flour creates fortified bread, and in those countries the bread is a source of niacin
Thiamine Media
3D space-filling model of thiamine rotating about the z-axis
Thiamine monophosphate (ThMP)
Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP)
The biosynthetic step catalysed by phosphomethylpyrimidine synthase, part of the pathway to the vitamin thiamine. Coloured portions show which parts of the substrate are incorporated in the product
Thiamine biosynthesis from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate, incorporating glycine imine and the pyrimidine ring as its pyrophosphate
A 3D representation of the TPP riboswitch with thiamine bound
The synthesis of thiamine (vitamin B1) as originally reported by R. R.Williams and J. K. Cline in 1936 (doi=10.1021/ja01299a505) and reviewed in doi=10.1042/BSR20171148
Diamine used in the manufacture of thiamine
- TakakiKanehiro
Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930)
Related pages
- Beriberi (disease caused by thiamine deficiency)
- Vitamin A (retinol) and C (ascorbic acid)
- Folic acid (folate), vitamin B9
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Thiamin Fact Sheets for Health Professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements (11 February 2016). Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ↑ Plasma thiamine concentrations after intramuscular and oral multiple dosage regimens in healthy men. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42 (2) (1992). p. 219–22. doi:10.1007/BF00278489.
- ↑ MeSH Browser. meshb.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-04-09.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Vitamins and minerals - B vitamins and folic acid (in en). nhs.uk (2017-10-23). Retrieved 2026-04-09.
- ↑ Thiamine: MedlinePlus Drug Information. medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ↑ MeSH Browser. meshb.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-04-09.