B vitamins
The B vitamin complex (also called B vitamins) are a group of 8 vitamins. They have an important job in the metabolism of cells. Each B vitamin is a cofactor (a coenzyme) for some key metabolic processes or it is a precursor needed to make one.
Originally, people thought they were just different forms of one vitamin (as with Vitamin D, for example). Later it turned out that they are separate vitamins that often can be found together. They are Vitamin B1/Thiamine, Vitamin B2/Riboflavin, Vitamin B3/Vitamin P/Vitamin PP/Niacin,Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B7/Vitamin H/Biotin, Vitamin B9/Vitamin M/Vitamin B-c/Folate and Vitamin B12. They are required for growth, and proper functioning of nerves and muscles. B vitamins are found in meat, milk, whole grains and fresh vegetables.
Vitamin B deficiencies have been shown to cause the following symptoms:[1][2]
- mental problems
- heart palpitations
- heart arrhythmias
- exhaustion
- paranoia, vague fears, fear that something dreadful is about to happen, nervousness, ADD (attention deficiency), inability to concentrate
- thoughts of dying
- frustration
- inability to sleep
- restlessness
- tingling in hands
- tingling fingers and toes
- crying spells, inability to cope
- soreness all over
Well-known medical syndromes caused by thiamine deficiency are beri-beri, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS),[3] and optic neuropathy.[4]
B Vitamins Media
Structure of thiamine
Chemical structure of riboflavin.
Structure of nicotinic acid (niacin)
Chemical structure of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5).
Skeletal formula of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Created using ACD/ChemSketch 8.0 and Inkscape.
Chemical structure of biotin (vitamin H/B7). The original image was uploaded as
- Biotin structure.svg. This file is PNG version.
Chemical structure of folic acid.
Chemical structure of cobalamin.
-Pantothenic_acid_Formula_V.1.svg)
References
- ↑ Bender, David A. 2009. A dictionary of food and futrition. Oxford University Press, p. 521. ISBN 978-0-19-157975-2
- ↑ Berdanier, Carolyn D. et al 2007. Handbook of nutrition and food. 2nd ed, CRC Press, p. 117. ISBN 978-1-4200-0889-0
- ↑ Loyd, Dr. Stephen (15 February 2020). "What is wet brain?". journeypure.com. https://journeypure.com/ask-our-doctors/alcohol/what-is-wet-brain/. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ↑ Behbehani, Raed (2007). "Clinical approach to optic neuropathies". Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.z.). 1 (3): 233–246. PMC 2701125. PMID 19668477.