Toltec Empire
The Toltec Empire,[4] Toltec Kingdom[5] or Altepetl Tollan[1] was an empire in Mexico. The empire existed through many periods of Mesoamerican chronology. The empire had influence as far away as the Yucatan Peninsula.
Toltec Empire Altepetl Tollan[1] | |
|---|---|
| 674 (disputed)[2][obsolete source]–1122 (disputed) | |
| Location of Toltec Empire | |
| Status | disputed |
| Capital | Tollan-Xicocotitlan |
| Common languages | Nahuatl, Mixtec, Totonac, Otomi, Pame, others |
| Religion | Toltec religion |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Tlatoani (see List of rulers) | |
• c. 6th-8th century | Chalchiuhtlanetzin or Mixcoamatzatzin (first) |
• c. 10th-11th century | Topiltzin, Tecpancaltzin or Huemac (last) |
| Historical era | Classic/Post Classic |
• | 674 (disputed)[2][obsolete source] |
• Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl goes into exile and leaves for Tlapallan | 947 (disputed) |
• | 1122 (disputed) |
| Population | |
• 1000 | 4.5 million[3] |
| |
The capital city of the empire was Tollan-Xicocotitlan.[6] It had many other important cities, such as Tulancingo[7] and Huapalcalco.
Toltec Empire Media
- Teotihuacán - Modell Sonnenpyramide.jpg
A reconstruction of Teotihuacán's Pyramid of the Sun
- José María Obregón - The Discovery of Pulque - Google Art Project.jpg
Iztaccaltzin on the throne being presented pulque, Papantzin in front of him, next to him is Xochitl. El descubrimiento del pulque (Obregón, 1869)
- Quetzalcoatl 1.jpg
Published in the Codex Borbonicus, 16th century, author unknown.
- YaxchilanDivineSerpent.jpg
- YaxchilanDivineSerpent
- TulaSite109.JPG
The Burnt Palace (Palacio Quemado- Building C) at Tula
- TulaSite90.JPG
Atlantes of Pyramid B at the Tula archeological site in Hidalgo, Mexico
- Rekonstruktion Aztekenmarkt 1.jpg
A Mesoamerican tianguis market place
- Mexico1980-170 hg 1.jpg
Image from Mexico in 1980; Atlantes of Tula
- Jaguar LACMA M.71.73.176.jpg
A stone jaguar from c. 800 AD
- Pirámide de los nichos.jpg
This is a photo of a monument in Mexico, identified by ID
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ce-Acatl: Revista de la cultura Anáhuac (1991)
- ↑ Chavero, A. (Ed.) (1892) Obras Históricas
- ↑ Maddison 2018.
- ↑ Palerm, A. (1997) Introducción a la teoría etnológica. Universidad Iberoamericana [1]
- ↑ Durán, D. Historia de las Indias de Nueva España e islas de Tierra Firme [2]
- ↑ Cobean, R.H., Jimenez, G.E. & Mastache, A.G. (2016) Tula. Fondo de Cultura Economica [3]
- ↑ Tulancingo de Bravo. Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México. [4] Archived 2017-12-09 at the Wayback Machine