Transatlantic telegraph cable

File:Transatlantic telegraph monument, Heart's Content.JPG

Transatlantic telegraph monument, Heart's Content, Newfoundland and Labrador

A transatlantic telegraph cable is a cable running under the Atlantic Ocean. It was used for telegraph communications. The first was laid across the bottom of the Atlantic from Ireland to Newfoundland.^[1] The first message was sent on August 16, 1858. It was from Queen Victoria to President James Buchanan.^[2] The cables reduced the communication time between North America and Europe from ten days (by ship) to a matter of minutes. The first cable lasted only three weeks.^[3] Transatlantic telegraph cables have been replaced by transatlantic telecommunications cables.

Transatlantic Telegraph Cable Media

Transatlantic submarine cable map.jpg

Contemporary map of the 1858 transatlantic cable route
Landing of the Atlantic Cable of 1866, Heart's Content, Newfoundland.jpg

Landing of the Transatlantic telegraph cable of 1866 at Heart's Content, Newfoundland, by Robert Charles Dudley, 1866
Tickertape, Queen Victoria, 1858.jpg

Tickertape recording of Queen Victoria's message to James Buchanan
A U.S. postage stamp issued to commemorate the Atlantic cable centenary
Plate 2. The ships of the squadron.jpg

The ships used for the first attempt, at Valentia Island.
QueenVictoriaTelegramReduced.jpg

Congratulatory telegram to President Buchanan on the completion of the first transatlantic cable, 1858
Irl-ValentiaTelegraph.jpg

The Telegraph Field, Valentia Island, Ireland, the site of the earliest message sent from Ireland to North America. In October 2002, a memorial to mark the laying of the transatlantic cable to Newfoundland was unveiled on top of Foilhomerrum Cliff.
41 William England - Atlantic telegraph jubilee on Broadway, New York.jpg

Celebration parade on Broadway, 1 September 1858
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907)
Thomson's mirror galvanometer

References

↑ Roland Wenzlhuemer, Connecting the Nineteenth-Century World: The Telegraph and Globalization (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 48
↑ Stephen C. Thierauf, Understanding Signal Integrity (Boston: Artech House, 2011), p. 1
↑ Anton A. Huurdeman, The Worldwide History of Telecommunications (New York: J. Wiley, 2003), p. 602

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[1] Roland Wenzlhuemer, Connecting the Nineteenth-Century World: The Telegraph and Globalization (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 48

[2] Stephen C. Thierauf, Understanding Signal Integrity (Boston: Artech House, 2011), p. 1

[3] Anton A. Huurdeman, The Worldwide History of Telecommunications (New York: J. Wiley, 2003), p. 602

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