Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon is the peace treaty signed in 1920 between the Allies and Hungary.[1][2][3][4]
Hungary lost World War I and so the treaty gave about two thirds of its land and one third of its population to neighboring countries,[5] like Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Under the principle of self-determination the majority of the people in the lost territories were something other than Hungarian. The partition brought irredentism, since many people in the lost lands were Hungarian and wanted to continue being part of Hungary. Hundreds of thousands of people from the lost territories sought refuge in Hungary.[6]
Also, the treaty forced Hungary to pay reparations and to limit the size of its army. Meanwhile, France helped its allies the Romanians to strengthen their army and defend their new territory of Transylvania.
Treaty Of Trianon Media
President Mihály Károlyi's speech after the proclamation of the First Hungarian Republic on 16 November, 1918
film: Béla Linder's pacifist speech for military officers, and declaration of Hungarian self-disarmament on 2 November 1918.
Newsreel about Treaty of Trianon, 1920
In the Kingdom of Hungary, the 1910 census was based primarily on mother tongue, According to the census, over 54% of the inhabitants of Hungary were recorded to speak Hungarian as their mothertongue, but this number included the Jewish ethnic group (around 5% of the population according to a separate census on religion) who were overwhelmingly Hungarian-speaking (because the Yiddish speakers were always recorded as Germans).
Treaty of Trianon.
The Hungarian delegation leaving Grand Trianon Palace at Versailles, after the treaty was signed, 1920.
1885 ethnographic map of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, i.e. Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia-Slavonia according to the 1880 census
The Red Map, an ethnographic map of the Hungary proper publicised by the Hungarian delegation. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km2 (51.8 persons/sq.
Ethnographic map of the Kingdom of Hungary according to the 1910 census
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References
- ↑ Craig, G.A. (1966). Europe since 1914. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
- ↑ Grenville, J.A.S. (1974). The Major International Treaties 1914-1973. A history and guides with texts. Methnen London.
- ↑ Lichtheim, G. (1974). Europe in the Twentieth Century. Praeger, New York.
- ↑ Text of the Treaty
- ↑ Richard C. Frucht, Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture pp. 359-360 online
- ↑ Balázs, Ablonczy (2020). ""It Is an Unpatriotic Act to Flee": The Refugee Experience after the Treaty of Trianon. Between State Practices and Neglect" (PDF). The Hungarian historical review : new series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Other websites
- Treaty of Trianon -Citizendium
