Bufonidae
Bufonidae is a family of the "true toads". The family has 35 genus. The Bufonidae toads are found almost everywhere and are well known. True toads can be found on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They can be found in rain forest. They lay their eggs in strings. They will hatch and become tadpoles. However, the genus Nectophrynoides, their young will not develop from a tadpole stage.[1]
| True toads | |
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| Common Toad or European Toad, Bufo bufo | |
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| Family: | Bufonidae Gray, 1825
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| Distribution of Bufonidae (in black) | |
True toads do not have any tooth. Their skin looks like warts. They have a pair of parotoid glands on the back of their heads. These glands has alkaloid poison. They get this type of poison from stress. They have also other toxins such as Bufotoxin. Male toads has a Bidder's organ. The organ will become an active ovary if conditions are right. They will then become a female.
Taxonomy
Bufonidae has about 500 species among 37 genus.
| Genus Latin Name and Author | Common Name | Species |
|---|---|---|
| Adenomus Cope, 1861 | 3
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| Altiphrynoides Dubois, 1987 | Ethiopian Toads | 2
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| Amietophrynus Frost et al., 2006 | 38
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| Andinophryne Hoogmoed, 1985 | Andes Toads | 3
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| Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 | Stream Toads | 25
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| Atelopus Duméril & Bibron, 1841 | Stubfoot Toads | 82
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| Bufo Laurenti, 1768 | Toads | 150
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| Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani, 1973 | Mawblang Toads | 1
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| Capensibufo Grandison, 1980 | Cape Toads | 2
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| Churamiti Channing & Stanley, 2002 | 1
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| Crepidophryne Cope, 1889 | Cerro Utyum Toads | 3
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| Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1871 | Tree Toads | 7
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| Didynamipus Andersson, 1903 | Four-digit Toads | 1
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| Duttaphrynus Frost et al., 2006 | 6
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| Epidalea Cope, 1864 | Natterjack Toads | 1
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| Frostius Cannatella, 1986 | Frost's Toads | 2
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| Ingerophrynus Frost et al., 2006 | 11
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| Laurentophryne Tihen, 1960 | Parkers Tree Toads | 1
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| Leptophryne Fitzinger, 1843 | Indonesia Tree Toads | 2
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| Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 | South American Redbelly Toads | 20
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| Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960 | Snouted Frogs | 20
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| Metaphryniscus Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994 | 1
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| Nectophryne Buchholz & Peters, 1875 | African Tree Toads | 2
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| Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926 | African Live-bearing Toads | 13
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| Nimbaphrynoides Dubois, 1987 | Nimba Toads | 2
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| Oreophrynella Boulenger, 1895 | Bush Toads | 8
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| Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976 | Plump Toads | 6
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| Parapelophryne Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2003 | 1
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| Pedostibes Günther, 1876 | Asian Tree Toads | 6
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| Pelophryne Barbour, 1938 | Flathead Toads | 9
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| Pseudepidalea Frost, et. al. 2006 | 16
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| Pseudobufo Tschudi, 1838 | False Toads | 1
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| Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 | Beaked Toads | 72
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| Schismaderma Smith, 1849 | African Split-skin Toads | 1
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| Truebella Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995 | 2
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| Werneria Poche, 1903 | Smalltongue Toads | 6
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| Wolterstorffina Mertens, 1939 | Wolterstorff Toads | 3
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 91–92. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
Books
- "Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 - Bufonidae". Retrieved 2008-04-10.
- Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles & Amphibians (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.
- Halliday, Tim R., and Kraig Adler (editors). The New Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Facts on File, New York, 2002.
Other websites
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Wikispecies has information on: Bufonidae. |
- Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - Family Bufonidae[dead link]
- FED.us
- Bufonidae recordings from the British Library Sound Archive
- Tolweb.org Archived 2022-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Bufonidae.com Archived 2022-04-11 at the Wayback Machine