Voiceless bilabial nasal
The voiceless bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is a rare sound. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m̥⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m_0⟩. The English language does not have the sound.
| Voiceless alveolar trill | |
|---|---|
| m̥ | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | m_0 |
Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar trill:
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- Its phonation is voiceless. It means that we produce this sound without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- We produce it at bilabial. It means that we produce this sound with both lips.
- It is a nasal consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Examples
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burmese[1] | မှာ/hma: | [m̥à] | 'notice' | |
| Central Alaskan Yup'ik[2] | piste'ḿ'un | [ˈpistəm̥un] | 'to the servant' | |
| Estonian[3] | leh'm' | [ˈlehm̥] | 'cow' | |
| French | pris'm'e | [pχis̪m̥] | 'prism' | |
| Hmong | H'm'oob | [m̥ɔ̃́] | 'Hmong' | |
| Icelandic | ha'm'pur | [ˈham̥pʏr] | 'hemp' | |
| Jalapa Mazatec[4] | hma | [m̥a] | 'black' | |
| Kildin Sami[5] | лē'ӎӎ'ьк/ljeehmhmk | [lʲeːm̥ʲːk] | 'strap' | |
| Muscogee | ca'mh'cá:ka | [t͡ʃəm̥t͡ʃɑːɡə] | 'bell' | |
| Ukrainian[6] | рит'м'/ritm | [rɪt̪m̥] | 'rhythm' | |
| Washo | 'M'ášdɨmmi | [ˈm̥aʃdɨmmi] | 'he's hiding' | |
| Welsh[7] | fy 'mh'en | [və m̥ɛn] | 'my head' | |
| Xumi | Lower[8] | [m̥ɛ̃˦] | 'medicine' | |
| Upper[9] | ||||
| Yi Language | ꂚ Hma | [m̥a] | 'Cuckoo Tree' | |
Voiceless Bilabial Nasal Media
A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiceless bilabial nasal [m̥].
Notes
- ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
- ↑ Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
- ↑ Asu & Teras (2009), p. 368.
- ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 107.
- ↑ Kuruch (1985:529)
- ↑ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 6.
- ↑ Jones (1984:51)
- ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
- ↑ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.
References
- Asu, Eva Liina. Estonian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39 (3) (2009). p. 367–372. doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x.
- Chirkova, Katia. Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (3) (2013). p. 363–379. doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157.[dead link]
- Chirkova, Katia. Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (3) (2013). p. 381–396. doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169.[dead link]
- Danyenko, Andrii. Ukrainian (1995)Lincom Europa. ISBN 9783929075083.
- Jacobson, Steven. A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language (1995). Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center. ISBN 978-1-55500-050-9.
- Jones, Glyn E.. Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings (1984). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 40–64. ISBN 0-7083-0861-9.
- Kuruch, Rimma. No Title (in ru) (1985). Moscow.
- Ladefoged, Peter. The Sounds of the World's Languages (1996). Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.