Wycliffe's Bible
Wycliffe's Bible is the name now given to a group of Bible translations into Middle English, that were made under the guidance of John Wycliffe. They appeared over a period from about 1382 to 1395. Although unauthorized, the work was popular. Wycliffite Bible texts are the most common manuscript literature in Middle English. More than 250 manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible survive.
These Bible translations were the chief inspiration and chief cause of the Lollard movement, a pre-Reformation movement that rejected many of the distinctive teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Catholic Church started a campaign to suppress it. In the early 15th century, Henry IV, Archbishop Thomas Arundel, and Henry Knighton put into law some of the severest religious censorship laws in Europe at that time. Manuscripts of the Wycliffe Bible, if inscribed with a date before 1409 (the date of the ban) circulated freely and were widely used by clergy and laity.[1]
Wycliffe's Bible was edited later in stages to bring it closer to spoken English of the day. His translation followed the Latin word order very closely, which is different from English word order:
- Latin Vulgate: Dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux
- Early Wycliffe: And God seide, Be maad liȝt; and maad is liȝt
- Later Wycliffe: And God seide, Liȝt be maad; and liȝt was maad
- Douay-Reims (1609): And God said: Be light made. And light was made
Wyclif's Bible was followed later by William Tyndale, who translated the Bible into a more modern form of English, and used Greek manuscript sources for the first time. He was pursued for many years by Thomas More, whose agents finally caught him near Brussels in 1535. He was arrested, tried, convicted and executed by garrotte. His body was burnt at the stake.[2][3]
Wycliffe's Bible Media
Wycliffe's Bible in the British Library
Example of Glossing: The Lord's Prayer (Pater noster) from Lindesfarne Gospels (698) with word-for-word Old English glosses (ca.970) by Aldred the Glossator
John Wycliffe reading his translation of the Bible to John of Gaunt. John's wife and child are also depicted, along with poets Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower. c. 1859
Related pages
References
- ↑ John, Stacey. 1964. John Wyclif and reform. London: Westminster Press.
- ↑ Moynahan, Brian 2003, William Tyndale: If God Spare my Life, London: Abacus. ISBN 0-349-11532-X.
- ↑ Partridge A.C. 1973. English biblical translation. London: Andrè Deutsch Limited. pp. 38–39, 52–52.
Other websites
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Wikisource has original writing related to this article: |
- Studylight version of The Wycliffe Bible (1395) Searchable by phrase or chapter/verse reference.
