Xenarthra
The Xenarthra is a superorder of mammals. It is a group of placental mammals (infraclass Eutheria). They live at present only in the Americas, and are anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos.
| Xenarthrans Temporal range: Paleocene –Recent,
| |
|---|---|
| File:Xenarthra.jpg | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Infraclass: | Placentalia |
| Superorder: | Xenarthra Cope, 1889 |
| Orders and suborders | |
| |
Their origins can be traced back as far as the Palaeogene (about 60-65 million years ago (mya), shortly after the Mesozoic) in South America.[1] Xenarthrans developed and diversified extensively in South America during its long period of isolation, invaded the Antilles by the early Miocene, and then spread to Central and North America as part of the Great American Interchange.[2]
Nearly all of the once abundant big xenarthrans, such as ground sloths, glyptodonts, and pampatheres went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.
Xenarthrans differ from other placental mammals in several ways. The name Xenarthra means 'strange joints', and was chosen because their vertebral joints have extra articulations and are unlike those of any other mammals. The males lack external testicles, which are instead placed between the bladder and the rectum.[3] Also, xenarthrans have the lowest metabolic rates among the therians.[4][5]
Xenarthra Media
Pink fairy armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus)
- OrthoMaM v10b 2019 116genera circular tree.svg
Phylogenetic position of xenarthrans (in orange) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509 coding DNA sequences. The other major clades are colored: Marsupials (magenta), afrotherians (red), laurasiatherians (green), and euarchontoglires (blue).
- SouthernThreeBandedArmadillo065b.jpg
- Bradypus variegatus.jpg
- Myresluger2.jpg
Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), Copenhagen Zoo, Denmark, 2005.
Southern tamandua juvenile
References
 |
Wikispecies has information on: Xenarthra. |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).. |
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).