1691
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | 16th century – 17th century – 18th century |
| Decades: | 1660s 1670s 1680s – 1690s – 1700s 1710s 1720s |
| Years: | 1688 1689 1690 – 1691 – 1692 1693 1694 |
| 1691 by topic |
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| Arts, history, and science |
| Countries |
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| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
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1691 Media
September 3: Sinking of HMS Coronation and HMS Harwich kills 900 English Navy sailors at Plymouth Sound.
August 12: Holy Roman Empire and allies defeat the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Slankamen (now in Serbia) and 25,000 Turks are killed.
July 12: Army of King William III defeats supporters of former King James II at the Battle of Aughrim.
Francesco Alborea born 7 March
Arthur Onslow born 1 October
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1691 (MDCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1691st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 691st year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1691, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
- March 5 – French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons
- March 20 – Leisler's Rebellion – New governor arrives in New York – Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours
- March 29 – Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender
- May 6 – Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Jews in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake
- May 16 – Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason
- October 3 – Treaty of Limerick which guaranteed civil rights to Catholics was signed. (it was broken "before the ink was dry")
- Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Suleiman II (1687-1691) to Ahmed II (1691-1695).
- Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.
- In New England the two separate Colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.
Births
- February 27 - Edward Cave, English publisher
Deaths
- January 13 - George Fox, one of the founders of the Quakers
- December 31 - Robert Boyle, Irish scientist