1953 Iranian coup d'état

In 1953, there was an Iranian coup d'état to remove the Prime Minister of Iran, Mohammad Mossadeq, from power. The coup d'état was nicknamed Operation Ajax. The coup was planned by the CIA and Britain's MI6 in August 1953.^[1]

Causes

In 1951, Mossaddeq was the chairman of Iran's Oil Committee. He was highly supported by the people of Iran. At that time, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was in power. The Majlis (Iranian Parliament) voted for a law to nationalize (take the company away from the people who owned it and make it owned by the government) the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, an oil company in Iran.

Mossaddeq was elected Prime Minister of Iran in April 1951. His first action as Prime Minister was to put the oil nationalization in place.

The British government had a plan for a coup d'etat to remove Mossadeq from power. They managed to get the United States CIA to help with the coup.^[2] The coup was planned by Monty Woodhouse.^[1] It was carried out by MI6 and the CIA, and led by General Fazlollah Zahedi, who later went into exile.^[3]

Later

Mossaddeq was replaced by Fazlollah Zahedi, but Mossaddeq refused to step down. A military dictatorship was put in place. Shah Pahlavi, known for treating the people of Iran badly,^[4] was put back in power. (Pahlavi was in power before this, but he was forced to put Mossadeq back in power at the time.)^[2] This made the people angry. They would later start the Iranian Revolution in 1979. The revolution put the Ayatollah Khomeini in power.

1953 Iranian Coup D'état Media

Mohammad Mosaddegh, the Prime Minister of Iran in 1951
Hossein Fatemi, Iran's Minister of Foreign Affairs
Pro-Mosaddegh protests in Tehran, 16 August 1953
Mohammad Mosaddegh, the leader of National Front and the democratic Prime Minister of Iran
Confirmation for execution of Operation Ajax
Shaban Jafari, commonly known as Shaban the Brainless (Shaban Bimokh), was a notable pro-Shah strongman and thug. He led his men and other bribed street thugs and was a prominent figure during the coup.
Fazlollah Zahedi, Iranian general and politician, Iranian media
28 مرداد 1332، 9 صبح: طرفداران شاه در صبح روز کودتا. برای به خیابان کشیدن مردم به آنها گفته شده بود که روز گذشته، شاه با قلبی اندوهگین به خانه رفته.
Mohammad Mosaddegh in court, 8 November 1953.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Fisk, Robert (2 September 2003). "Unintended Consequences and Unlearned Lessons". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 September 2003. Retrieved 2008-09-08 – via Arab News.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Mohammed Mossadegh hero file". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
↑ "History of Iran: Oil Nationalization". Iran Chamber Society, date unknown.
↑ Hugh O’Shaughnessy (March 8, 2009). "When UK neutrality has positive advantage". The Tribune. Retrieved March 9, 2009.^{[dead link]}

[fisk-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Fisk, Robert (2 September 2003). "Unintended Consequences and Unlearned Lessons". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 September 2003. Retrieved 2008-09-08 – via Arab News.

[heroes-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Mohammed Mossadegh hero file". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-09-20.

[ics-3] "History of Iran: Oil Nationalization". Iran Chamber Society, date unknown.

[4] Hugh O’Shaughnessy (March 8, 2009). "When UK neutrality has positive advantage". The Tribune. Retrieved March 9, 2009.^{[dead link]}

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