Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
| Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light of the Aryans | |||||||||
.jpg) Official portrait, 1973 | |||||||||
| Shah of Iran | |||||||||
| 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979 | |||||||||
| 26 October 1967 | |||||||||
| Predecessor | Reza Shah | ||||||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished Ruhollah Khomeini (as supreme leader) | ||||||||
| Born | 26 October 1919 Tehran, Qajar Iran | ||||||||
| Died | 27 July 1980 (aged 60) Cairo, Egypt | ||||||||
| Burial | Al-Rifa'i Mosque | ||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
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| Alma mater | |||||||||
| Dynasty | Pahlavi | ||||||||
| Father | Reza Shah | ||||||||
| Mother | Tadj ol-Molouk | ||||||||
| Religion | Twelver Shia Islam | ||||||||
| Signature |  Persian signature  Latin signature | ||||||||
| Military service | |||||||||
| Branch/service | Imperial Iranian Army | ||||||||
| Years of service | 1936–1979 | ||||||||
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| Commands | Army's Inspection Department | ||||||||
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی, mohæmˈmæd reˈzɒː pæhlæˈvi; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979. Following the Iranian Revolution, his reign ended the Pahlavi dynasty and the Iranian monarchy's 2,500 year-rule of Persia.
During World War II, the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran forced the abdication of his father Reza Shah and succession of Crown Prince Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In 1953, Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, which was carried out by the Iranian military under the support of the United States and Britain.[1]
In 1963, the Shah introduced the White Revolution, a series of reforms aimed at transforming Iran into a global power and modernizing the country by nationalizing key industries and land reform. 26 years after the start of his reign, in 1967, the Shah was crowned as well as his wife Farah, who was the first and so far only woman to be crowned in Iranian history. As political unrest grew throughout Iran in the late 1970s,[2] the Shah fled Iran for exile in January 1979.[3] After formally abolishing the Iranian monarchy, Shia Islamist cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the Supreme Leader of Iran. The former Shah later died in exile in Egypt in 1980 and is buried at the Al-Rifa'i Mosque.
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Media
Crown Prince Mohammad Reza, c. 1926
Crown Prince Mohammad Reza in 1939
The young Shah with his twin sister, Ashraf, in 1943
The Iranian and Egyptian imperial families after a wedding in Saadabad Palace, Tehran, 25 April 1939
Mohammad Reza entering Madrasa Nezam, a military school in Tehran, 1938
A young Mohammad Reza with Minister of Imperial Court Abdolhossein Teymourtash at the Institut Le Rosey in Lausanne, Switzerland, 1932
Photograph of the wedding ceremony of Crown Prince Mohammad Reza (right) and Princess Fawzia of Egypt at Abdeen Palace in Cairo, 1939
Shah meeting with US president Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Tehran Conference (1943), two years after his father's forced abdication during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
Universal Newsreel on the Shah's 40th birthday, 1959
References
- ↑ Kinzer (2003), p. 195 ff..
- ↑ Razipour, Suzanne Maloney and Keian. The Iranian revolution—A timeline of events. Brookings.edu (24 January 2019)Brookings Institution. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ↑ Kabalan (2020), p. 113.