Abdication
Abdication is the act of resigning from an office (official job), especially from being the leader of a country. The word is normally used for kings and queens who decide to give up their position which brings an end to a reign.[1] The term is also used for popes.[2]
A similar term for an elected or appointed official is resignation.
King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom is an example of a king who abdicated.[3]
Select list of abdications
- Caedwalla of Wessex, 688[4]
- Ine of Wessex, 726[5]
- Pope Benedict IX, 1048[6]
- Stephen II of Hungary, 1131[1]
- Pope Celestine V, 1294[7]
- Richard II of England, 1399[1]
- Pope Gregory XII, 1415.[7]
- Murad II, Ottoman Sultan, 1444-1445[1]
- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 1556[1]
- Christina of Sweden, 1654[8]
- James II of England, 1688[9]
- Philip V of Spain, 1724[1]
- Ahmed III, Sultan of Turkey, 1730[1]
- Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 1814[10] and 1815[11]
- Charles X of France, 1830[1]
- Pedro I of Brazil, 1831[12]
- Miguel of Portugal, 1834[1]
- Louis Philippe I of France, 1848[1]
- Fredrik Kaarle I of Finland, 1918
- Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, 1936
- Pope Benedict XVI, 2013.[7]
- Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, 2013
- King Albert II of Belgium, 2013
- King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 2014
- Emperor Akihito of Japan, 2019[13]
Abdication Media
Napoleon's first abdication, signed at the Palace of Fontainebleau 4 April 1814
Dom Pedro I, founder and emperor of the Empire of Brazil, delivers his abdication letter on 7 April 1831
Tomb effigy of heart of King John II Casimir Vasa at Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris, showing removal of the crown
Queen Christina of Sweden shocked Europe by abdicating to move to Rome and serve the pope.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Abdication," Encyclopædia Britannica (1911); retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Abdication," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ "Edward VIII: Abdication timeline," BBC. 29 January 2003; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 70
- ↑ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 72-73
- ↑ "Pope Benedict IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.
- ↑ Masson, Georgina. (1968). Queen Christina, p. 175.
- ↑ "English Revolution of 1688", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ↑ Pawly, Ronald. (2004). Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters, p. 4.
- ↑ Pawly, p. 52.
- ↑ Curtis, William Eleroy. (1888). The Capitals of Spanish America, pp. 688.
- ↑ Enjoji, Kaori (December 1, 2017). "Japan Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019". CNN (Tokyo). http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/30/asia/japan-emperor-akihito-abdication-intl/index.html. Retrieved December 1, 2017.