Voiced bilabial nasal
(Redirected from Bilabial nasal)
The voiced bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is used in almost all spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.
| Bilabial nasal | |
|---|---|
| m | |
| IPA number | 114 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | m |
| Unicode (hex) | U+006D |
| X-SAMPA | m |
Nearly all languages contain this sound. A few languages (for example, Mohawk) do not often use this sound.
Features
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- We produce it at bilabial. It means that we produce this sound with both lips.
- It is a nasal consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Examples
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Standard[1] | مطابخ | [mɑˈtˤɑːbiχ] | 'kitchens' |
| Catalan[2] | 'm'are | [ˈmaɾə] | 'mother' | |
| Chinese | Cantonese | 晚/maan5 | [maːn˩˧] | 'night' |
| Mandarin | 母親/mǔqīn | [mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥] | 'mother' | |
| Dutch[3] | 'm'ond | [mɔnt] | 'mouth' | |
| English | hi'm' | [hɪm] | 'him' | |
| Finnish | 'm'inä | [minæ] | 'I' | |
| French[4] | 'm'anger | [mɑ̃ʒe] | 'to eat' | |
| Georgian[5] | სა'მ'ი | [ˈsɑmi] | 'three' | |
| Greek[6] | 'μ'άζα/maza | [ˈmaza] | 'clump' | |
| Hawaiian[7] | 'm'aka | [maka] | 'eye' | |
| Indonesian[8] | 'm'asuk | [ˈmasuʔ] | 'enter' | |
| Italian[9] | 'm'a'mm'a | [ˈmamma] | 'mamma' | |
| Japanese[10] | 乾杯/kampai | [kampai] | 'a toast' | |
| Malay | 'm'ala'm' | [malam] | 'night' | |
| Malayalam[7] | കമ്മി | [kəmmi] | 'shortage' | |
| Polish[11] | 'm'asa | [ˈmasa] | 'mass' | |
| Portuguese[12] | 'm'ato | [ˈmatu] | 'bush' | |
| Russian[13] | 'м'уж | [muʂ] | 'husband' | |
| Spanish[14] | gru'm'ete | [ɡɾuˈme̞te̞] | 'cabin boy' | |
| Vietnamese[15] | 'm'uối | [mwoj˧ˀ˥] | 'salt' | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[16] | 'm'an | [maŋ] | 'animal' |
Voiced Bilabial Nasal Media
A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced bilabial nasal [m].
References
- ↑ Thelwall, Robin. Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2) (1990). p. 37. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266.
- ↑ Carbonell, Joan F.. Catalan. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2) (1992). p. 53. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618.
- ↑ Gussenhoven, Carlos. Dutch. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2) (1992). p. 45. doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X.
- ↑ Fougeron, Cecile. Illustrations of the IPA:French. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2) (1993). p. 73. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874.
- ↑ Shosted, Ryan K.. Standard Georgian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2) (2006). p. 255. doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659.
- ↑ Newton, Brian. The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology. Cabridge Studies in Linguistics 8 (1972)Cambridge University Press. p. 10.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ladefoged, Peter. Vowels and Consonants (2005)Blackwell. p. 139, 165.
- ↑ Soderberg, Craig D.. Illustrations of the IPA:Indonesian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (2) (2008). p. 210. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003320.
- ↑ Rogers, Derek. Italian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1) (2004). p. 117. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628.
- ↑ Okada, Hideo. Phonetic Representation:Japanese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2) (1991). p. 94. doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X.
- ↑ Jassem, Wiktor. Polish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1) (2003). p. 103. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191.
- ↑ Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena. European Portuguese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2) (1995). p. 91. doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223.
- ↑ Padgett, Jaye. Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1) (2003). p. 42. doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505.
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio. Castilian Spanish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2) (2003). p. 255. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373.
- ↑ Thompson, Laurence. Saigon phonemics. Language 35 (3) (1959). p. 458–461. doi:10.2307/411232.
- ↑ Merrill, Elizabeth. Tilquiapan Zapotec. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1) (2008). p. 108. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344.