Voiced bilabial nasal

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Bilabial nasal
m
IPA number114
Encoding
Entity (decimal)m
Unicode (hex)U+006D
X-SAMPAm
 
"Bilabial nasal" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless bilabial nasal.

The voiced bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is used in almost all spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.

Nearly all languages contain this sound. A few languages (for example, Mohawk) do not often use this sound.

Features

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. It means that we produce this sound by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • Its phonation is voiced. It means that the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • We produce it at bilabial. It means that we produce this sound with both lips.
  • It is a nasal consonant. It means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning
Arabic Standard[1] مطابخ [mɑˈtˤɑːbiχ] 'kitchens'
Catalan[2] 'm'are [ˈmaɾə] 'mother'
Chinese Cantonese 晚/maan5 [maːn˩˧] 'night'
Mandarin 母親/mǔqīn [mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥] 'mother'
Dutch[3] 'm'ond [mɔnt] 'mouth'
English hi'm' [hɪm] 'him'
Finnish 'm'inä [minæ] 'I'
French[4] 'm'anger [mɑ̃ʒe] 'to eat'
Georgian[5] სა'მ'ი [ˈsɑmi] 'three'
Greek[6] 'μ'άζα/maza [ˈmaza] 'clump'
Hawaiian[7] 'm'aka [maka] 'eye'
Indonesian[8] 'm'asuk [ˈmasuʔ] 'enter'
Italian[9] 'm'a'mm'a [ˈmamma] 'mamma'
Japanese[10] 乾杯/kampai [kampai] 'a toast'
Malay 'm'ala'm' [malam] 'night'
Malayalam[7] കമ്മി [kəmmi] 'shortage'
Polish[11] 'm'asa [ˈmasa] (help·info) 'mass'
Portuguese[12] 'm'ato [ˈmatu] 'bush'
Russian[13] 'м'уж [muʂ] 'husband'
Spanish[14] gru'm'ete [ɡɾuˈme̞te̞] 'cabin boy'
Vietnamese[15] 'm'uối [mwoj˧ˀ˥] 'salt'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[16] 'm'an [maŋ] 'animal'

Voiced Bilabial Nasal Media

  • A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced bilabial nasal [m].

References

  1. ↑ Thelwall, Robin. Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2) (1990). p. 37. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266.
  2. ↑ Carbonell, Joan F.. Catalan. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2) (1992). p. 53. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618.
  3. ↑ Gussenhoven, Carlos. Dutch. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2) (1992). p. 45. doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X.
  4. ↑ Fougeron, Cecile. Illustrations of the IPA:French. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2) (1993). p. 73. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874.
  5. ↑ Shosted, Ryan K.. Standard Georgian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2) (2006). p. 255. doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659.
  6. ↑ Newton, Brian. The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology. Cabridge Studies in Linguistics 8 (1972)Cambridge University Press. p. 10.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ladefoged, Peter. Vowels and Consonants (2005)Blackwell. p. 139, 165.
  8. ↑ Soderberg, Craig D.. Illustrations of the IPA:Indonesian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (2) (2008). p. 210. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003320.
  9. ↑ Rogers, Derek. Italian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1) (2004). p. 117. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628.
  10. ↑ Okada, Hideo. Phonetic Representation:Japanese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2) (1991). p. 94. doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X.
  11. ↑ Jassem, Wiktor. Polish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1) (2003). p. 103. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191.
  12. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena. European Portuguese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2) (1995). p. 91. doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223.
  13. ↑ Padgett, Jaye. Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1) (2003). p. 42. doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505.
  14. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio. Castilian Spanish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2) (2003). p. 255. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373.
  15. ↑ Thompson, Laurence. Saigon phonemics. Language 35 (3) (1959). p. 458–461. doi:10.2307/411232.
  16. ↑ Merrill, Elizabeth. Tilquiapan Zapotec. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1) (2008). p. 108. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344.
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