Pinyin
Pinyin is a way to write letters showing the sound of a word in place of a Chinese character. Today, it almost always has the sense of Hanyu Pinyin, the way of writing Mandarin sounds which has been used by the People's Republic of China from the 1950s. Other countries like the United States and Taiwan used other ways of spelling Chinese (such as the Wade-Giles and Tongyong Pinyin ways) for a long time, but in the late 20th century started to use Hanyu Pinyin as well. It is standard in China and in the United Nations. It is the most common romanization system for Chinese.
Pinyin uses Roman letters in a special way for certain Chinese sounds. For example, the pinyin letter C is pronounced as /ts/ as in the English word "cats" or the Japanese word "tsunami", and does not sound at all like /k/ or /s/ by itself. Pinyin uses special marks to show the four Chinese tones, which are very important to using Mandarin clearly.
Consonants
b p m f w
d t n l
g k ng h
j q x y
z c s
Vowels
a e i o u ü
Basic combinations of vowel and consonant
ai ei ao ou
an en ang eng ong
Tones
There are five kinds of tone in Pinyin:
ā, á, ǎ, à, a
Syllable-dividing mark (geyin fuhao)
Geyin fuhao is used after the syllables starting with vowels "a, o, e", for example: pi'ao.
Orthography
We should divide Pinyin text by words and write syllables connectedly, such as "I am a foreigner" should be written as "Wo shi waiguoren" in Pinyin.
Pinyin reading matters
Pinyin Media
A facade of a kindergarten in Zhengzhou, Henan, with writing using simplified characters and pinyin
A sign for Taichung Port railway station in Taiwan with writing using traditional characters, English, Wade–Giles (Template:Zhi), and pinyin
Relative pitch changes of the four tones
