Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an estate in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It was the site of the United Kingdom's main codebreaking team during World War II. Now, Bletchley Park is home to the National Codes Centre and The National Museum of Computing.
| Bletchley Park | |
|---|---|
 The Mansion in 2017 | |
| Established | 1938 (as a code-breaking centre); 1993 (as a museum) |
| Location | Bletchley, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Director | Iain Standen |
| Public transit access | Bletchley railway station |
| Website | www |
The Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) and Station X, a secret radio interception station, was also at Bletchley Park. The information gained by workers at Bletchley Park was very important for the Allied war effort.
In 1939, in Warsaw, the Polish military showed French and British intelligence agents their cryptanalysis of the Enigma. They promised each delegation a Polish-built Enigma. Having an actual Enigma machine, and knowing how to use it, was a much-needed start for the British work at Bletchley Park. Dilly Knox and Alan Turing were later joined by many other codebreakers and engineering staff.
The high-level intelligence produced at Bletchley Park codenamed Ultra, gave crucial help to the Allied war effort. It was vital during the Battle of the Atlantic, when the German U-boat submarine fleet sank merchant shipping in an attempt to starve Britain of supplies. Winston Churchill was later to say:[1]
The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea, or in the air depended ultimately on its outcome.
Sir Harry Hinsley (a Bletchley veteran and the official historian of British Intelligence during the Second World War) said that Ultra shortened the war by two to four years. The outcome of the war would have been uncertain without it.[2]
Location
One of the reasons for choosing Bletchley Park for this task was its location. By train, it is about 46 miles (74 km) north-west of London, 32 miles (51 km) from Oxford and about 45 miles (72 km) from Cambridge – all-important university cities. Bletchley railway station is close-by, on the junction of the West Coast Main Line and the Oxford–Cambridge Varsity Line. Apart from the railway lines, Bletchley Park was not near any other likely bombing target.
Bletchley Park Media
Stephen Kettle's 2007 Alan Turing statue
Flow of information from an intercepted Enigma message
Number of signals despatched daily from Bletchley Park Hut 3 during the Second World War
Hut 1 at Bletchley Park
Hut 4, adjacent to the mansion, is now a bar and restaurant for the museum.
- Hut
Bletchley's Polish Memorial, commemorating "the [prewar] work of Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski, mathematicians of the Polish intelligence service, in first breaking the Enigma code. Their work greatly assisted the Bletchley Park code breakers and contributed to the Allied victory in World War II."
The working rebuilt bombe, built by a team led by John Harper and switched on by the Duke of Kent, patron of the British Computer Society, on 17 July 2008. This is now located at The National Museum of Computing in Block H on Bletchley Park.
A Mark 2 Colossus computer. The ten Colossi were the world's first (semi-) programmable electronic computers, the first having been built in 1943
The stableyard cottages, where Alan Turing worked
References
- ↑ Hughes, Terry; Costello, John (1 January 1977). The battle of the Atlantic. [London]: Collins. p. 210. ISBN 978-0002160483.
- ↑ Hinsley, Harry (1993), The influence of ULTRA in the Second World War, archived from the original on 6 July 2012, retrieved 31 August 2010 Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University.