Camarasaurus
| Camarasaurus Temporal range: Upper Jurassic
155–145 mya | |
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| Camarasaurus lentus skull. | |
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| Genus: | Camarasaurus Cope, 1877
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Camarasaurus (meaning "chambered lizard") was a large plant-eating sauropod. It was about 18 meters long and weighed about 18 metric tones. Its name comes from its skull, which is in the shape of an arch. It lived during the late Jurassic, between 155 and 145 million years ago. These dinosaurs may have lived in herds.
It was first discovered in 1877 in Colorado by Oramel W. Lucas. Its fossil remains have been found in the Morrison Formation of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.
There are four species of Camarasaurus:
- C. grandis ("grand chambered lizard")
- C. lentus
- C. lewisi
- C. supremus ("biggest chambered lizard")
It was shown in the movie When Dinosaurs Roamed America.
Skull
Camarasaurus is among the most common and frequently well-preserved sauropod dinosaurs. The maximum size of the most common species, C. lentus, was about 15 meters (50 ft) in length. The largest species, C. supremus, reached a maximum length of 23 meters (75 ft) and maximum estimated weight of 47 tonnes (51.8 tons).[1][2]
The arched skull of Camarasaurus was remarkably square and the blunt snout had many fenestrae (openings). It was sturdy and is often found in good condition by paleontologists. The 19 centimeter long (7.5 in) teeth were shaped like chisels (spatulate) and arranged evenly along the jaw. The strength of the teeth indicates that Camarasaurus probably ate coarser plant material than the slender-toothed diplodocids.
Palaeobiology
There is a fossil record of two adults and a 12.2 meter (40 ft) long juvenile that died together in the late Jurassic leriod, about 150 million years ago (northeast Wyoming). It is assumed that their bodies were washed to their final resting place, in river mud. This suggests that Camarasaurus traveled in herds or, at least, 'family' groups. Also, recovered camarasaur eggs have been found in lines, rather than in neatly arranged nests as with some other dinosaurs, which appears to suggest that, like most sauropods, Camarasaurus did not tend its young.
Camarasaurus Media
Field photograph of the first C. supremus specimen to be found in 1877, which was collected by Oramel W. Lucas
Photo of Edward Drinker Cope, the describer of Camarasaurus, with a C. supremus cervical vertebra
Life-sized skeletal restoration of C. supremus by John A. Ryder, probably 1879. This is the earliest skeletal reconstruction of a sauropod
Historical life restoration of Camarasaurus published by Charles Frederick Holder in 1885, possibly the earliest life restoration of a sauropod
Lull1930-skeleton-of-camarasaurus-lentus-recently-mounted-at-yale-fig1
Skull and neck of C. lentus specimen DINO 2580 in the quarry wall at Dinosaur National Monument
The public preparation of C. lentus specimen USNM 13786 during the Texas Centennial Exposition of 1936
Composite apatosaurine mount with a skull of Camarasaurus (cast of CM12020) at the Field Museum of Natural History in the 1950s
Specimen "E.T." at the Sauriermuseum Aathal
Skeletal reconstruction of C. supremus showing known elements in white
_(Morrison_Formation,_Upper_Jurassic;_Carnegie_Quarry,_Dinosaur_National_Monument,_Utah,_USA)_4_(48696432982).jpg)
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References
- ↑ Benton, Michael J. 2012. Prehistoric life. Edinburgh: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 270–271. ISBN 978-0-7566-9910-9
- ↑ Foster J. 2007. Jurassic West: the dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and their world. Indiana University Press.