Civil war

A civil war is a type of war that takes place between two or more groups in one country. While civil wars can take place for many reasons, there are two common reasons.

The first is because the different groups disagree about who should be in charge, or how the country should be run. If two political parties disagree about the result of an election, this might lead to a war if the two sides cannot or would not come to an agreement.

The second is because one group of people does not want to be part of the country anymore. This is known as a war of secession. Lots of people living in a certain area might decide that they want independence to make their own country. Very few national leaders would be happy to give up land that is part of that country, and a war could result.

Sometimes the people who want to break away do not necessarily want to form a whole new country, but they might want more autonomy over their affairs. This happens sometimes when different ethnic groups belong to the same nation.

Civil wars can go on for many years and be just as destructive and damaging as international wars. Civil wars tend to become complicated very quickly. A civil war might start between two sides, but groups might break up and the new, different sides could start fighting each other. Groups who were not involved at the beginning can easily be sucked in, as they fight to defend themselves against both sides. Civil wars with many different sides all fighting each other have occurred. Sometimes foreign countries help one side, or different countries help different sides. This can become a proxy war.

Examples

Civil wars include:

• English Civil War (1642–1651)
• American Civil War (1861–1865)
• Chinese Civil War (1927–1949)
• Vietnam War (1955–1975)
• Mexican Revolution (1911–1920)
• Russian Civil War (1917–1921)
• Finnish Civil War (1918)
• Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
• Pakistan Civil War (1971)
• Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)
• Syrian Civil War (2011–present)

Civil War Media

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  Members of the Red Guards during the Finnish Civil War of 1918

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  The destruction wrought on Granollers after a raid by German aircraft on 31 May 1938 during the Spanish Civil War

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  Aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, American Civil War, 1863

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  Tanks in the streets of Addis Ababa after rebels seized the capital during the Ethiopian Civil War (1991)

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  Communist soldiers during the Battle of Siping, Chinese Civil War, 1946

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  An artillery school set up by the anti-socialist "Whites" during the Finnish Civil War, 1918

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  A plane, supported by smaller fighter planes, of Italian Legionary Air Force, allied to Francisco Franco's Nationalists, bombs Madrid during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

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  Civil conflicts vs other conflicts since 1946

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  Members of ARDE Frente Sur during the Nicaraguan Revolution

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  An American Cadillac Gage Light Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle and Italian Fiat-OTO Melara Type 6614 Armored Personnel Carrier guard an intersection during the Somali Civil War (1993).