Flag of the United States

The flag of the United States of America

The flag of the United States of America is a national flag. It has 7 red stripes and 6 white stripes. These 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies. The flag also has a blue canton, a rectangle in the top left corner. There are 50 stars which represent the 50 states of America.^[1]

When a new state joins the United States, a new flag is made with an extra star. The new flag is first flown on the 4th of July (Independence Day).^[2]

The last states to join the United States were Alaska and Hawaii in 1959. Alaska joined on 3 January 1959, so the new flag with 49 stars was used from 4 July 1959. Hawaii joined on 21 August 1959, so the flag^[3] with 50 stars that is used today was not flown until 4 July 1960.

The colors in the flag are red, white and blue. The colors have no special meaning in the flag, but in the coat of arms, white stands for purity and innocence, red for bravery and strength, and blue for watchfulness, perseverance and justice.

The flag is also often called the Stars and Stripes, the Star-Spangled Banner, or Old Glory. The national anthem of the United States is a reference to the flag.^[4]

Evolution of the United States' flag

Since 1818, a star for each new state has been added to the flag on the Fourth of July immediately following each state's admission. In years in which multiple states have been admitted, the number of stars on the flag has jumped correspondingly. The greatest example so far was in 1890, when five states were admitted within the span of a single year (North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington in November 1889 and Idaho on 3 July 1890). This change has typically been the only change made with each revision of the flag since 1777, with the exception of changes in 1795 and 1818, which increased the number of stripes to 15 and then returned it to 13, respectively.

As the exact pattern of stars was not specified prior to 1912, and the exact colors not specified prior to 1934, many of the historical U.S. national flags (shown below) have had varied designs.

A popular myth is that a teenager and later mayor of Napoleon, Ohio named Robert G. Heft made the 50-star flag. This was debunked by Alec Nevala-Lee in his article "False Flag" on June 30, 2022. This myth was cited as fact in many sources, including Wikipedia.^[5]

1775–1777 (the "Grand Union Flag")
1777–1795
1795–1818 (the "Star-Spangled Banner")
1818–1819
1819–1820
1820–1822
1822–1836
1836–1837
1837–1845
1845–1846
1846–1847
1847–1848
1848–1851
1851–1858
1858–1859
1859–1861
1861–1863
1863–1865
1865–1867
1867–1877
1877–1890
1890–1891
1891–1896
1896–1908
1908–1912
1912–1959
1959–1960
1960–present

International and space transportation of (woven) flags

One flag was transported to the lunar surface during the first manned flight to the moon.

On 30 April 1975 the last group of (eleven) US soldiers leaving the Vietnam War did grab the US flag [of their Marine Corps unit of embassy guards ] from the outpost on the embassy roof, before all were lifted off the roof and flown out of the country by a helicopter of the Marine Corps.^[6] (That flag is in the United States.)^[6]

Design

13 horizontal red and white stripes, representing the original 13 states.
50 white stars on a blue rectangle in the top-left, representing the current 50 U.S. states.

Flag Of The United States Media

The flag of the East India Company, introduced in 1707 and flown at sea in the Indian Ocean
Francis Hopkinson's flag for the U.S., an interpretation, with 13 six-pointed stars arranged in five rows
Hopkinson Flag for the U.S. Navy, an interpretation
13-star Betsy Ross variant
Oil painting depicting the 39 historical U.S. flags.
A U.S. flag with gold fringe and a gold eagle on top of the flag pole
Our Banner in the Sky (1861) by Frederic Edwin Church
Hopkinson Flag. Francis Hopkinson claimed to have created the first official flag of the United States. However, Congress refused him this title based on the fact that multiple people contributed to the design. Hopkinson's design used a staggered pattern of 3-2-3-2-3 using 6 pointed Marian stars. This creates an optical effect of the crosses used in the British flag.