Grace Hopper
Grace Murray Hopper (December 9 1906 – January 1 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer.
Early Life
Hopper was born in New York, USA. Hopper graduated from Vassar College in 1928 and Yale University in 1934 with a Ph.D degree in mathematics. She joined the US Navy during World War II in 1943. She worked on computers in the Navy for 43 years. She then worked in other private industry companies after 1949. She retired from the Navy in 1986 and died on January 1, 1992.[1]
She was one of the first people to work with modern digital computers and the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I calculator. She developed the first compiler for a computer programming language.
She had the idea that programs could be written in a language that was close to English rather than in machine code or languages (such as assembly language) close to machine code, which is how it was normally done at that time. She led the work of COBOL language, which was based very much on her philosophy. It was successful since it was not copyrighted, so many programmers could use it. The spread of COBOL led to it becoming the universal language for business coding. It became used in government, industry, and commerce.
Hopper, a mathematician, was on the faculty at Vassar College when World War II began. She joined the Navy. Hopper was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project to work on missile problems in 1943. The Navy began using one of the first electronic computers in 1944.
After the War
Hopper retired from the Navy in 1986. After the war, she was still interested in computers. Hopper worked at Remington Rand. She worked at Sperry Corporation later. She did not return to her teaching career after the war. She continued working on software for the other computers. She also served as an officer in the Naval Reserve. She worked on the UNIVAC, the first large-scale commercial computer. Hopper's work led to the development of the FLOW-MATIC. The FLOW-MATIC was the first English-language data compiler. Hopper's work on FLOW-MATIC helped her later work with Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL). Hopper’s work translated the computer language into words we use that the computer will also understand.[2]
Grace Murray Hopper died on January 1, 1992. She had retired from the navy six years before.
A park in Arlington, Virginia is named in her honor.[3] The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Hopper (DDG-70) was named for her.
On December 9, 2013, Google had an animation of Hopper for their Google Doodle.[4]
Grace Hopper Media
Hopper's name on a duty roster for the Bureau of Ships Computation Project at Harvard, which built and operated the Mark I
Hopper in a computer room in Washington, D.C., 1978, photographed by Lynn Gilbert
Hopper at the UNIVAC I console, c. 1960
Hopper being promoted to the rank of commodore in 1983
Log book showing the "bug" found caught in a Mark II relay
Collar, shoulder, and sleeve rank insignia for a Lieutenant, Junior Grade in the United States Navy.
Collar, shoulder, and sleeve rank insignia for a Lieutenant in the United States Navy.
Collar, shoulder, and sleeve rank insignia for a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy.
Collar, shoulder, and sleeve rank insignia for a Commander in the United States Navy.
Collar, shoulder, and sleeve rank insignia for an unrestricted line Captain in the United States Navy.
References
- ↑ Spicer, Dag. "Hopper, Grace Murray." World Book Student, World Book, 2017, www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar262515. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017.
- ↑ "Hopper Invents COBOL Computer Language, 1959." DISCovering U.S. History, Gale, 1997. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2104241698/SUIC?u=palo88030&xid=e0b401a6. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017.
- ↑ "ARLINGTON COUNTY NAMES NEW PARK FOR NAVY ADMIRAL". Arlington County. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
- ↑ Wynick, Alex (9 December 2013). "Grace Hopper: Top 10 facts about computer scientist honoured by Google Doodle". mirror.