January 1

2024 Calendar

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years).

Events

Up to 1800

871 – Zwertibold, King of Lotharingia (d. 900)
1431 – Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)
1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici (d. 1492)
1467 – King Sigismund I the Old, of Poland (d. 1548)
1484 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (d. 1531)
1516 – Margaret Leijonhufvud, Queen of Sweden (d. 1551)
1557 – Stephen Bocskay, Romanian prince (d. 1606)
1614 – John Wilkins, English clergyman, natural philosopher and writer (d. 1672)
1618 – Bartolome Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (d. 1682)
1628 – Christoph Bernhard, German composer (d. 1692)
1638 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1728)
1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian poet (d. 1780)
1714 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian singer and writer (d. 1800)
1735 – Paul Revere, American patriot (d. 1818)
1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (d. 1796)
1750 – Frederick Muhlenberg, American politician and statesman (d. 1801)
1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, allegedly sewed the first Flag of the United States (d. 1836)
1768 – Maria Edgeworth, British writer (d. 1849)

1801 – 1900

1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician (d. 1869)
1823 – Sandor Petofi, Hungarian poet and revolutionary (d. 1849)
1839 – Ouida, British author (d. 1908)
1854 – James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist (d. 1941)
1859 – Thibaw Min, King of Burma (d. 1916)
1863 – Heinrich Clam Martinic, Austro-Hungarian politician (d. 1932)
1863 – Pierre de Coubertin, French organizer of the Olympic Games (d. 1937)
1864 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (d. 1957)
1864 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (d. 1946)
1873 – Leon Czolgosz, assassin of US President William McKinley (d. 1901)
1874 – Gustave Whitehead, German inventor (d. 1927)
1876 – Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist (d. 1933)
1878 – Agner Krarup-Erlang, Danish mathematician and statistician (d. 1929)
1879 – E. M. Forster, British novelist (d. 1970)
1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American movie producer (d. 1952)
1881 – Vajiravudh, King of Siam (d. 1925)
1886 – Garegin Njdeh, Armenian statesman (d. 1955)
1887 – Wilhelm Canaris, German general and resistance activist (d. 1945)
1888 – John Garand, American inventor (d. 1974)
1890 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (d. 1966)
1891 – Sampurnanand, Indian politician (d. 1969)
1891 – Charles Bickford, American actor (d. 1967)
1892 – Mahidol Adulyadej, Siamese royal (d. 1929)
1892 – Artur Rodzinski, Croatian conductor (d. 1958)
1892 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman (d. 1948)
1894 – Satyendranath Bose, Indian physicist (d. 1974)
1895 – J. Edgar Hoover, American, founding director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 1972)
1896 – Estelle Yancey, American blues singer (d. 1986)
1900 – Xavier Cugat, Catalan-born musician and bandleader (d. 1990)
1900 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (d. 1986)

1901 – 1950

1901 – Australia becomes self-governed.
1901 – Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
1908 – For the first time, at what is now Times Square in New York City, a ball is dropped at midnight at the start of the New Year.
1911 – In Australia, the Northern Territory separates from South Australia and is transferred to Commonwealth control.
1912 – The Republic of China begins, under Sun Yat-sen.
1913 – The British Board of Censors is founded.
1927 – Turkey starts to use the Gregorian calendar.
1934 – Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
1937 – Safety glass on vehicle windscreens becomes law in the United Kingdom.
1939 – A temperature of 45 degrees Celsius is recorded in Sydney, Australia, a record for the city.
1941 – In Austria, the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra holds its first New Year's Day concert.
1942 – The Declaration of the United Nations is signed by 26 countries.
1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte to destroy Allied air power in northern Europe. The operation failed.
1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act takes effect: Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first official Canadian citizen.
1947 – The Bizone is formed out of the British and American Occupation zones in Germany. This later becomes West Germany.
1948 – The Constitution of Italy takes effect.
1948 – The British Rail network is nationalized.
1949 – A UN ceasefire to stop the fighting in Kashmir takes effect.
1949 – Austria regains control of its border with Italy from the British.

1951 – 2000

1953 – A short-lasting republic is declared in the Maldives.
1956 – Sudan becomes independent.
1956 – Panic and a stampede at a New Year event at Yahiko Shrine, Yahiko, Niigata, Japan, kill at least 124 people.
1958 – Treaties creating the European Economic Community take effect.
1959 – Fidel Castro takes control in Cuba, as Fulgencio Batista flees Havana.
1960 – Cameroon becomes independent.
1962 – Western Samoa becomes independent.
1964 – Top of the Pops is first shown on the BBC. Its last show is in 2006.
1966 – The Australian dollar replaces the pound sterling as the official currency of Australia.
1966 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa becomes president of the Central African Republic.
1968 – Floods in Bahia, Brazil kill 200 people.
1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
1972 – Kurt Waldheim becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1973 – The UK, Republic of Ireland and Denmark join the European Economic Community.
1978 – The Northern Mariana Islands' constitution becomes effective.
1978 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the sea near Bombay, killing 213 people.
1979 – Diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China begin.
1980 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden becomes heir to the Swedish throne, as succession laws are changed.
1981 – Palau becomes self-governed.
1981 – Greece joins the European Economic Community.
1982 – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1984 – Brunei becomes independent.
1985 – Greenland leaves the European Community.
1986 – Spain and Portugal join the European Economic Community.
1986 – Aruba separates from Curaçao.
1990 – David Dinkins becomes the first African American mayor of New York City.
1992 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1993 – Czechoslovakia splits into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) takes effect.
1995 – Kiribati becomes the first country to enter the New Year, after the International Date Line is shifted to its east, skipping December 31, 1994.
1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the European Union.
1995 – The World Trade Organisation is started.
1995 – The Draupner wave is detected in the North Sea off Norway, proving the existence of freak waves.
1997 – Kofi Annan becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2000 – Start of the 3rd millennium.

From 2001

2002 – The euro currency starts being used in 12 European Union member states.
2002 – Michael Bloomberg becomes Mayor of New York City.
2003 – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva becomes President of Brazil.
2007 – Ban Ki-moon becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2007 – Bulgaria and Romania officially join the European Union. Bulgarian, Romanian, and Irish become official languages of the European Union, joining 20 other official languages.
2007 – Slovenia starts to use the euro.
2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 disappears over Indonesia. It is later known to have crashed with 102 people on board.
2008 – Cyprus and Malta start to use the euro.
2009 – 66 people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok.
2009 – Same-sex marriage officially becomes legal in Norway.
2009 – Slovakia starts to use the euro.
2010 – A suicide bombing at a volleyball game in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, kills 105 people.
2011 – Estonia starts to use the euro.
2011 – Dilma Rousseff becomes President of Brazil.
2013 – A crush after a New Year celebration in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, kills over 60 people.
2014 – Latvia starts using the euro.
2014 – Bill de Blasio becomes Mayor of New York City.
2015 – Lithuania starts using the euro.
2015 – The Eurasian Economic Union enters into force. Its members are Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
2015 – Same-sex marriage officially becomes legal in Luxembourg.
2016 – The number of official regions in France (not including overseas territories) is cut from 22 down to 13.
2017 – 39 people are killed in a terrorist attack on a nightclub in Istanbul, Turkey.
2017 – Antonio Guterres becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2017 – A prison riot in Manaus, Brazil, leaves at least 60 inmates dead.
2018 – California legalises cannabis for recreational use.

Births

1901 – 1925

1902 – Hans von Dohnanyi, Austrian-born jurist and activist (d. 1945)
1904 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani politician (d. 1982)
1906 – Giovanni D'Anzi, Italian songwriter (d. 1974)
1908 – Bill Tapia, American musician (d. 2011)
1909 – Barry Goldwater, American senator (d. 1998)
1909 – Dana Andrews, American actor (d. 1992)
1909 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian nationalist (d. 1959)
1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist (d. 2012)
1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician (d. 1995)
1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, Indian princess and agent (d. 1944)
1917 – Albert Mol, Dutch actor (d. 2004)
1918 – Willy den Ouden, Dutch swimmer (d. 1997)
1919 – Daniil Granin, Russian writer (d. 2017)
1919 – J. D. Salinger, American novelist^[1] (d. 2010)
1919 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer (d. 1990)
1919 – Carole Landis, American actress (d. 1948)
1921 – Alain Mimoun, French long-distance runner (d. 2013)
1922 – Ernest Hollings, 106th Governor of South Carolina (d. 2019)
1922 – Jerry Robinson, American comic book artist (d. 2011)
1923 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress
1923 – Milt Jackson, American jazz musician (d. 1999)
1924 – Arthur Danto, American philosopher (d. 2013)
1924 – Jacques Le Goff, French historian (d. 2014)
1924 – Charles Munger, American businessman and philanthropist
1925 – Mario Merz, Italian artist (d. 2003)
1925 – Raymond Pellegrin, French actor (d. 2007)

1926 – 1950

1926 – Zena Marshall, British actress (d. 2009)
1926 – Claudio Villa, Italian singer (d. 1987)
1927 – Maurice Béjart, French ballet choreographer (d. 2007)
1927 – Vernon L. Smith, American economist
1930 – Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (d. 2009)
1930 – Adunis, Syrian-Lebanese writer
1933 – Joe Orton, British dramatist (d. 1967)
1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian diplomat
1935 – Brian G. Hutton, American actor and director (d. 2014)
1935 – Mustapha Maarof, Malaysian actor (d. 2014)
1936 – James Sinegal, American businessman
1938 – Frank Langella, American actor
1939 – Michèle Mercier, French actress
1939 – Phil Read, British motorcycle racer
1941 – Barry Goldberg, American musician
1941 – Martin Evans, British geneticist
1941 – Asrani, Indian actor and producer
1941 – Younoussi Touré, Malian politician
1942 – Alassane Ouattara, President of Ivory Coast
1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter
1942 – Dennis Archer, American politician, 67th Mayor of Detroit
1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2005)
1943 – Tony Knowles, former Governor of Alaska
1944 – Teresa Toranska, Polish journalist and writer (d. 2013)
1944 – Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir, President of Sudan
1944 – Abdul Hamid, 20th President of Bangladesh
1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani politician
1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver
1945 – Zoltan Varga, Hungarian footballer (d. 2010)
1945 – Pietro Grasso, Italian politician, former Interim President of Italy
1946 – Roberto Rivelino, Brazilian footballer
1947 – Jon Corzine, American politician
1948 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general (d. 2012)
1950 – Morgan Fisher, English musician

1951 – 1975

1951 – Luc Ferry, French politician
1951 – Hans-Joachim Stuck, German racing driver
1952 – Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar
1953 – Zoran Jankovic, Slovenian politician
1953 – Gary Johnson, American politician
1953 – Alpha Blondy, Ivorian musician
1953 – Philippe Douste-Blazy, French politician
1954 – Richard Gibson, British actor
1954 – Richard Edson, American actor and musician
1954 – Robert Menendez, American politician
1954 – Dave Valentin, American jazz flute player
1955 – Mary Beard, British historian
1955 – Abbas Bahri, Tunisian mathematician (d. 2016)
1956 – Christine Lagarde, French Head of the International Monetary Fund
1956 – Sergei Avdeyev, Soviet cosmonaut
1957 – Ramaz Shengelia, Soviet-Georgian footballer (d. 2012)
1957 – Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician
1958 – Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian musician
1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian politician, President of the Comoros
1959 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan cosmonaut
1959 – Michel Onfray, French philosopher
1961 – Fiona Phillips, English journalist
1961 – Mark Wingett, English actor
1965 – Lisa Roberts Gillan, American actress
1966 – Anna Burke, Australian politician
1966 – Ivica Dacic, 95th Prime Minister of Serbia
1967 – Spencer Tunick, American artist
1967 – Sharon Small, Scottish actress
1968 – Davor Suker, Croatian footballer
1969 – Morris Chestnut, American actor
1969 – Paul Lawrie, Scottish golfer
1969 – Verne Troyer, American actor
1970 – Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer
1970 – Fredro Starr, American actor and rapper
1970 – Stephen Kinnock, Welsh politician
1971 – Conn Iggulden, English writer
1972 – Lilian Thuram, French footballer
1975 – Sonali Bendre, Indian actress and model

From 1976

1979 – Vidya Balan, Indian actress
1980 – Elin Nordegren, Swedish model
1980 – Richie Faulkner, British guitarist and songwriter (Judas Priest)
1981 – Jonas Armstrong, British actor
1981 – Mladen Petric, Croatian footballer
1981 – Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian racing driver
1981 – Moumouni Dagano, Burkina Faso footballer
1982 – David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player
1983 – Calum Davenport, English footballer
1983 – Daniel Jarque, Spanish footballer (d. 2009)
1985 – Jeff Carter, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer
1986 – Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor
1986 – Sungmin, South Korean singer
1986 – Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player
1987 – Meryl Davis, American ice dancer
1987 – Gia Coppola, American movie director, screenwriter and actress
1988 – Nelufar Hedayat, Afghan-born British television presenter
1988 – Grzegorz Panfil, Polish tennis player
1992 – Jack Wilshere, English footballer
1992 – He Kexin, Chinese artistic gymnast
1993 – Michael Olaitan, Nigerian footballer
1996 – Mahmoud Dahoud, Syrian-German footballer
1998 – Lara Robinson, Australian actress

Deaths

Up to 1900

138 – Aelius Caesar, adoptive son of Roman Emperor Hadrian
898 – Odo of France (b. 860)
962 – Baldwin III, Count of Flanders (b. 940)
1204 – King Haakon III of Norway (b. 1170)
1387 – King Charles II of Navarre (b. 1332)
1515 – King Louis XII of France (b. 1462)
1554 – Pedro de Valdivia, Spanish conquistador (b. 1500)
1559 – King Christian III of Denmark and Norway (b. 1503)
1713 – Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Italian cardinal (b. 1649)
1748 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1667)
1766 – James Francis Edward Stuart, pretender to the British throne (b. 1688)
1780 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, German composer (b. 1713)
1782 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (b. 1735)
1793 – Francesco Guardi, Venetian painter (b. 1712)
1796 – Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde, French mathematician (b. 1735)
1817 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (b. 1743)
1829 – Pedro Blanco Soto, President of Bolivia (b. 1795)
1853 – Gregory Blaxland, Australian farmer and explorer (b. 1778)
1862 – Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky, Russian physicist (b. 1801)
1892 – Roswell B. Mason, 25th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
1894 – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist (b. 1857)

1901 – 2000

1906 – Hugh Nelson, Scottish-born Australian politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (b. 1835)
1921 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
1928 – Loie Fuller, American dancer (b. 1862)
1936 – Roger Allin, Governor of North Dakota (b. 1848)
1937 – Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian religious leader (b. 1874)
1942 – Otto Liiv, Estonian historian and activist (b. 1905)
1944 – Edwin Lutyens, British architect (b. 1869)
1951 – Jan Valtin, German writer (b. 1905)
1953 – Hank Williams, American country music singer (b. 1923)
1960 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress and screenwriter (b. 1909)
1963 – Robert S. Kerr, Governor of Oklahoma (b. 1896)
1964 – Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (b. 1890)
1966 – Vincent Auriol, French politician (b. 1884)
1968 – Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson, American publisher (DC Comics) (b. 1890)
1969 – Barton MacLane, American actor (b. 1902)
1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French entertainer (b. 1888)
1973 – Sergei Kourdakov, Soviet intelligence agent (b. 1951)
1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian politician (b. 1891)
1984 – Alexis Korner, French-British singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
1986 – Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (b. 1902)
1987 – Lloyd Haynes, American actor (b. 1934)
1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist (b. 1906)
1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)
1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)
1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist (b. 1902)
1995 – Fred West, British serial killer (b. 1941)
1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (b. 1901)
1996 - Arthur Rudolph, German engineer (b. 1906)
1997 – Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
1998 – Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (b. 1902)

2001 – 2015

2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)
2003 – Joe Foss, 20th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1915)
2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American politician (b. 1924)
2007 – Del Reeves, American country music singer (b. 1932)
2009 – Johannes Mario Simmel, Austrian writer (b. 1924)
2009 – Helen Suzman, South African political activist (b. 1917)
2009 – Aarne Arvonen, Finnish supercentenarian (b. 1897)
2009 – Nizar Rayan, Palestinian military commander (b. 1959)
2010 – Lhasa de Sela, Mexican-American singer-songwriter (b. 1972)
2011 – Flemming Jorgensen, Danish musician (b. 1947)
2012 – Carlos Soria, Argentine politician (b. 1949)
2012 – Bob Anderson, British fencer and sword fight choreographer (b. 1922)
2012 – Kiro Gligorov, President of the Republic of Macedonia (b. 1917)
2012 – Gary Ablett, English footballer (b. 1965)
2013 – Christopher Martin-Jenkins, English cricket journalist (b. 1945)
2013 – Patti Page, American singer (b. 1927)
2013 – Lloyd Hartman Elliott, American academic (b. 1918)
2013 – Barbara Werle, American actress (b. 1928)
2014 – Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese Buddhist monk and uncle of Emperor Akihito (b. 1910)
2014 – Herman Pieter de Boer, Dutch writer (b. 1928)
2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (b. 1914)
2014 – Billy McColl, Scottish actor (b. 1951)
2015 – Omar Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1934)
2015 – Mario Cuomo, American politician, 52nd Governor of New York (b. 1932)
2015 – Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (b. 1944)
2015 – Staryl C. Austin, American air force general (b. 1920)
2015 – Boris Morukov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1950)
2015 – Jeff Golub, American guitarist (b. 1955)
2015 – Mrunalini Devi Puar, Indian educator (b. 1931)
2015 – Eric Cunningham, Canadian politician (b. 1949)
2015 – Miller Williams, American poet (b. 1930)
2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1933)
2015 – Géry Leuliet, French bishop (b. 1910)

From 2016

2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1932)
2016 – Lennie Bluett, American actor (b. 1919)
2016 – Antonio Carrizo, Argentine broadcaster (b. 1926)
2016 – Mike Oxley, American politician (b. 1944)
2016 – Brian Johns, Australian businessman (b. 1936)
2016 – Dale Bumpers, American politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1925)
2016 – Gilbert Kaplan, American conductor and businessman (b. 1941)
2016 – Ian Pieris, Sri Lankan cricketer (b. 1933)
2016 – Jim Ross, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer (b. 1930)
2017 – Tony Atkinson, English economist (b. 1944)
2017 – Hilarion Capucci, Syrian theologian, bishop and activist (b. 1922)
2017 – Mel Lopez, Filipino politician (b. 1935)
2017 – Memo Morales, Venezuelan singer (b. 1937)
2017 – Yaakov Neeman, Israeli lawyer and politician (b. 1939)
2017 – Emmanuel Niyonkuru, Burundian politician (b. 1962)
2017 – Derek Parfit, English philosopher (b. 1942)
2017 – Alfonso Wong, Hong Kong cartoonist (b. 1924)
2017 – Aleksander Jackowski, Polish anthropologist (b. 1920)
2017 – Jeremy Stone, American scientist and arms control activist (b. 1935)
2018 – Jahn Otto Johansen, Norwegian editor (b. 1934)
2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (b. 1920)
2018 – Ebrahim Nafae, Egyptian journalist (b. 1934)
2018 – Manuel Olivencia, Spanish lawyer and economist (b. 1929)
2018 – Mauro Staccioli, Italian sculptor (b. 1937)
2018 – Tim Sweeney, Irish hurler (b. 1929)
2020 – János Aczél, Hungarian-Canadian mathematician and journalist (b. 1924)
2020 – Don Larsen, American baseball pitcher (b. 1929)
2020 – David Stern, NBA commissioner (b. 1942)
2021 – Carlos do Carmo, Portuguese singer (b. 1939)
2022 – Dan Reeves, American football player and coach (b. 1944)

Observances

Virgin Mary with Child

Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God – Roman Catholic Church
New Year's Day
Founding Day (Republic of China)
Independence Day (Brunei, Haiti, Sudan)
End of Kwanzaa (United States)
Triumph of the Revolution (Cuba)
Constitution Day (Italy)

References

↑ Italie, Hillel. "'Catcher in the Rye' writer J.D. Salinger dies". Retrieved 2010-01-28.^{[dead link]}

[1] Italie, Hillel. "'Catcher in the Rye' writer J.D. Salinger dies". Retrieved 2010-01-28.^{[dead link]}

[1]