Malaysia

Malaysia
Motto:
Anthem:
Capital	Kuala Lumpur 3°8′N 101°41′E Putrajaya (administrative) 2.9430952°N 101.699373°E / 2.9430952; 101.699373
Official languages	Malay
	Malay (Latin) alphabet
Ethnic groups ()	50.1% Malay 22.6% Chinese 11.8% Indigenous  6.7% Indian  8.8% other
Religion	Official: 61.3% Islam (Sunni) Other religions: 19.8% Buddhist 9.2% Christian 6.2% Hindu 3.4% other
Demonym(s)	Malaysian
Government	Federal parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong	Abdullah Al-Haj
• Prime Minister	Ismail Sabri Yaakob
• Deputy Prime Minister	Vacant
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Dewan Negara
• Lower house	Dewan Rakyat
Independence  from the United Kingdom
• Independence of the Federation of Malaya	31 August 1957
• Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, Singapore	16 September 1963
• Expulsion of Singapore	9 August 1965
• ASEAN Declaration	8 August 1967
Area
• Total	330,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi) (66th)
• Water (%)	0.3
Population
• 2021 estimate	33,515,000 (44th)
• 2010 census	28,334,135
• Density	92/km2 (238.3/sq mi) (116th)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$922,057 billion (26th)
• Per capita	27,267 (47th)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$296,359 billion (38th)
• Per capita	$9,360 (66th)
Gini (2009)	▲ 46.2 high · 36th
HDI (2016)	0.789 high · 59th
Currency	Ringgit (RM) (MYR)
Time zone	UTC+7 (MST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+8 (not observed)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	left
Calling code	+60
ISO 3166 code	MY
Internet TLD	.my

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. It is a federation which has 13 states. It is divided into two parts by the South China Sea. Its mainland is on the Malay Peninsula. It faces the Straits of Malacca on its west coast and the South China Sea on its east coast. The other part of this country, sometimes known as East Malaysia, is on the northern part of the island of Borneo in the South China Sea. Kuala Lumpur on the Malay Peninsula is its capital. The federal capital was recently moved to Putrajaya, a newly created city exclusively designed for administration.

The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, with most people being Malay, but there are also Chinese and Indians. Its official language is Malay written in the Latin alphabet. English is a recognised language and also the official language in Sarawak state along with Malay. Tamil and Chinese is also often used. There are over 130 other languages spoken in Malaysia, with 94 in Malaysian Borneo and 40 on the peninsula. Islam is the official religion, but non-Malay citizens have the freedom to practice other religions.

History

Between China and India, Malaysia was an ancient trading place. When Europeans came to this area, Malacca became an important trade port.

The states of Malaysia became a colony of the British Empire, starting with Penang in 1786. The peninsular part became independent on 31 August 1957 as the Federation of Malaya. In September 1963, Malaya, Singapore and the Borneo part joined together to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and declared independence.

Politics and economy

Malaysia has 13 states, which are Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu, and three federal territories, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan. The number of points of the star on the flag represents the number of states Malaysia has, but it has 14 because Singapore was one of the states in Malaysia during its creation. The 14th point now represents the federal territories, called Wilayah Persekutuan. The head of state of Malaysia is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, otherwise called the "King of Malaysia". That title is currently held by Sultan Abdullah of Pahang. Malaysia's head of government is the Prime Minister. Its current prime minister is Ismail Sabri Yaakob. It also has a parliament and a court system. It is a founding member of ASEAN.

Cities

The following is a list of places in Malaysia. They are in order by the date they were given city status.

• George Town (1 January 1957)
• Kuala Lumpur (1 February 1972)
• Ipoh (27 May 1988)
• Kuching (1 August 1988)
• Johor Bahru (1 January 1994)
• Kota Kinabalu (2 February 2000)
• Shah Alam (10 October 2000)
• Melaka City (15 April 2003)
• Alor Setar (21 December 2003)
• Miri (20 May 2005)
• Petaling Jaya (20 June 2006)
• Kuala Terengganu (1 January 2008)
• Iskandar Puteri (22 November 2017)

Religion

Malaysia is a multi-religious society, and Islam is the largest population of believers. Most of the Malay people in Malaysia embrace Islam naturally as their religion. Besides Islam, Malaysia has other religions such as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.

Culture

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multilingual society, consisting of 65% Malays and other indigenous tribes, 25% Chinese, 7% Indians. The Malays, which form the largest community, are all Muslims since one has to be Muslim to be legally Malay under Malaysian law. The Malays play a dominant role politically and are included in a grouping identified as bumiputera.

Food and drink

Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding areas have influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures, largely because the country was part of the ancient spice route.

Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using ways taken from another culture, for example, shrimp paste (belacan) and sambal are commonly used by Chinese restaurants for cooking. This means that although much of Malaysian food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity. Rice is popular in many dishes. Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Examples are laksa, which is a spicy noodle dish common in Malaysia and teh tarik, which is a popular drink.

Sports

Malaysia's national sports centre is the Bukit Jalil Sports Complex. Nicol David (squash) and Lee Chong Wei (badminton) are notable athletes from Malaysia. Malaysia won 12 gold medals in the Commonwealth Games 2010 in India, and broke their Commonwealth Games target.

Transport

Malaysia's road network covers 98,721 kilometres (61,342 mi) and includes 1,821 kilometres (1,132 mi) of expressways. The longest highway of the country, the North-South Expressway, extends over 800 kilometres (497 mi) between the Thai border and Singapore. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysia has 118 airports, of which 38 are paved. The official airline of Malaysia is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi). There are also Light Rail Transit in Kuala Lumpur.

Related pages

• States of Malaysia
• List of rivers of Malaysia
• Malaysia at the Olympics
• Malaysia national football team

Other websites

• Malaysian Government Portal Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
• Malaysian maps
• Malaysia Travel Guide Archived 2018-09-03 at the Wayback Machine - Most comprehensive travel guide to Malaysia attractions